{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T07:54:53Z","timestamp":1772265293423,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac fibrosis and chronic inflammation are common complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Since nucleotide oligomerization-binding domain 1 (NOD1), an innate immune receptor, is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes outcomes, we sought to investigate its involvement in cardiac fibrosis. Here, we show that selective staining of cardiac fibroblasts from T2D (db\/db;db) mice exhibits up-regulation and activation of the NOD1 pathway, resulting in enhanced NF-\u03baB and TGF-\u03b2 signalling. Activation of the TGF-\u03b2 pathway in cardiac fibroblasts from db mice was prevented after inhibition of NF-\u03baB with BAY-11-7082 (BAY). Moreover, fibrosis progression in db mice was also prevented by BAY treatment. Enhanced TGF-\u03b2 signalling and cardiac fibrosis of db mice was dependent, at least in part, on the sequential activation of NOD1 and NF-\u03baB since treatment of db mice with a selective NOD1 agonist induced activation of the TGF-\u03b2 pathway, but co-administration of a NOD1 agonist plus BAY, or a NOD1 inhibitor prevented the NOD1-induced fibrosis. Therefore, NOD1 is involved in cardiac fibrosis associated with diabetes, and establishes a new mechanism for the development of heart fibrosis linked to T2D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bcj20160556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]],"date-time":"2016-11-02T01:34:57Z","timestamp":1478050497000},"page":"399-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["NOD1 activation in cardiac fibroblasts induces myocardial fibrosis in a murine model of type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"474","author":[{"given":"Almudena","family":"Val-Blasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Hospital Universitario la PAZ, IdIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid 28046, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas 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