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To clarify the effects of the O2 culture concentration on the regulated secretion of peptide hormones in neuro-endocrine cells, we examined the changes in the storage and release of peptide hormones in neuro-endocrine cell lines and endocrine tissues cultured in a relatively lower O2 concentration. In both AtT-20 cells derived from the mouse anterior pituitary and freshly prepared mouse pituitaries cultured in 10% O2 for 24\u2005h, the storage and regulated secretion of the mature peptide hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone were significantly increased compared with those in cells and pituitaries cultured in ambient 21% O2, whereas its precursor proopiomelanocortin was not increased in the cells and tissues after being cultured in 10% O2. Simultaneously, the prohormone-processing enzymes PC1\/3 and carboxypeptidase E were up-regulated in cells cultured in 10% O2, thus facilitating the conversion of prohormones to their active form. Similarly, culturing the mouse \u03b2-cell line MIN6 and islet tissue in 10% O2 also significantly increased the conversion of proinsulin into mature insulin, which was secreted in a regulated manner. These results suggest that culture under 10% O2 is more optimal for endocrine tissues\/cells to efficiently generate and secrete active peptide hormones than ambient 21% O2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bcj20180832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T16:56:31Z","timestamp":1550681791000},"page":"827-842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Culture in 10% O2 enhances the production of active hormones in neuro-endocrine cells by up-regulating the expression of processing enzymes"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"476","author":[{"given":"Eri","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yui","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Airi","family":"Hinata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Gomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Torii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosignal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1422-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Hosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112217561891100_BCJ-2018-0832C1","first-page":"5830","article-title":"Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 in common human cancers and their metastases","volume":"59","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2021112217561891100_BCJ-2018-0832C2","first-page":"4693","article-title":"Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 is a marker for an unfavorable prognosis in early-stage invasive cervical cancer","volume":"60","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2021112217561891100_BCJ-2018-0832C3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1623","article-title":"The potential role of intrinsic hypoxia markers as prognostic variables in cancer","volume":"9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antioxid. 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