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Knowledge and application of these mechanisms will benefit the use of microalgae in wastewater processing and biomass production, and the use of copper compounds in the suppression of harmful algal blooms. Here, using electron microscopy, synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, we show that the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana responds promptly to Cu2+ at high non-toxic concentration, by mucilage release, alterations in the architecture of the outer cell wall layer and lipid structures, and polyphosphate accumulation within mucilage matrix. The main route of copper detoxification is by Cu2+ coordination to polyphosphates in penta-coordinated geometry. The sequestrated Cu2+ was accessible and could be released by extracellular chelating agents. Finally, the reduction in Cu2+ to Cu1+ appears also to take place. These findings reveal the biochemical basis of the capacity of microalgae to adapt to high external copper concentrations and to serve as both, sinks and pools of environmental copper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bcj20200600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T17:30:27Z","timestamp":1600277427000},"page":"3729-3741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Mechanisms of detoxification of high copper concentrations by the microalga <i>Chlorella sorokiniana<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"477","author":[{"given":"Sne\u017eana","family":"Vojvodi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Vi\u0161eslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Stani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Vi\u0161eslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Zechmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97046, Waco, TX, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Du\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CELLS-ALBA, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, 08290 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"\u017di\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Vi\u0161eslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Dimitrijevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Vi\u0161eslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Danilovi\u0107 Lukovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Vi\u0161eslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milica R.","family":"Milenkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7197-1494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon K.","family":"Pittman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Spasojevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Vi\u0161eslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112218133788400_BCJ-2020-0600C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9782-y","article-title":"The chemistry and toxicity of discharge waters from copper mine tailing impoundment in the valley of the Apuseni Mountains in Romania","volume":"24","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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