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Although recent outcomes of early-phase trials have showed that several drugs presented an ideal curative effect, monotherapy cannot be entirely satisfactory in the treatment of cachexia-associated symptoms due to its complex and multifactorial pathogenesis. Therefore, the lack of definitive therapeutic strategies for cancer cachexia emphasizes the need to develop a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Increasing evidences show that the progression of cachexia is associated with metabolic alternations, which mainly include excessive energy expenditure, increased proteolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we provided an overview of the key mechanisms of cancer cachexia, with a major focus on muscle atrophy, adipose tissue wasting, anorexia and fatigue and updated the latest progress of pharmacological management of cancer cachexia, thereby further advancing the interventions that can counteract cancer cachexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bcj20201009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T14:37:09Z","timestamp":1620657429000},"page":"1663-1688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanism and pharmacological management"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"478","author":[{"given":"Yonghua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research and Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1893-7649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengzhi","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112218212462700_BCJ-2020-1009C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus","volume":"12","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"2021112218212462700_BCJ-2020-1009C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.02.033","article-title":"Cancer cachexia: developing multimodal therapy for a multidimensional problem","volume":"44","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. 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