{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:11:47Z","timestamp":1791616307440,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain-containing 1 (SMCHD1) is an epigenetic regulator that mediates gene expression silencing at targeted sites across the genome. Our current understanding of SMCHD1's molecular mechanism, and how substitutions within SMCHD1 lead to the diseases, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome (BAMS), are only emerging. Recent structural studies of its two component domains \u2014 the N-terminal ATPase and C-terminal SMC hinge \u2014 suggest that dimerization of each domain plays a central role in SMCHD1 function. Here, using biophysical techniques, we demonstrate that the SMCHD1 ATPase undergoes dimerization in a process that is dependent on both the N-terminal UBL (Ubiquitin-like) domain and ATP binding. We show that neither the dimerization event, nor the presence of a C-terminal extension past the transducer domain, affect SMCHD1's in vitro catalytic activity as the rate of ATP turnover remains comparable to the monomeric protein. We further examined the functional importance of the N-terminal UBL domain in cells, revealing that its targeted deletion disrupts the localization of full-length SMCHD1 to chromatin. These findings implicate UBL-mediated SMCHD1 dimerization as a crucial step for chromatin interaction, and thereby for promoting SMCHD1-mediated gene silencing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bcj20210278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T10:46:59Z","timestamp":1623322019000},"page":"2555-2569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["SMCHD1's ubiquitin-like domain is required for N-terminal dimerization and chromatin localization"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"478","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8664-0698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra D.","family":"Gurzau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee-Foong","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Iminitoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy A.","family":"Willson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel N.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marnie E.","family":"Blewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0195-3949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112218224429300_BCJ-2021-0278C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.142","article-title":"SmcHD1, containing a structural-maintenance-of-chromosomes hinge domain, has a critical role in X inactivation","volume":"40","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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