{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:22:15Z","timestamp":1790490135781,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Mycobacterium ulcerans exotoxin, mycolactone, is an inhibitor of co-translational translocation via the Sec61 complex. Mycolactone has previously been shown to bind to, and alter the structure of the major translocon subunit Sec61\u03b1, and change its interaction with ribosome nascent chain complexes. In addition to its function in protein translocation into the ER, Sec61 also plays a key role in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, acting as a leak channel between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytosol. Here, we have analysed the effect of mycolactone on cytosolic and ER Ca2+ levels using compartment-specific sensors. We also used molecular docking analysis to explore potential interaction sites for mycolactone on translocons in various states. These results show that mycolactone enhances the leak of Ca2+ ions via the Sec61 translocon, resulting in a slow but substantial depletion of ER Ca2+. This leak was dependent on mycolactone binding to Sec61\u03b1 because resistance mutations in this protein completely ablated the increase. Molecular docking supports the existence of a mycolactone-binding transient inhibited state preceding translocation and suggests mycolactone may also bind Sec61\u03b1 in its idle state. We propose that delayed ribosomal release after translation termination and\/or translocon \u2018breathing' during rapid transitions between the idle and intermediate-inhibited states allow for transient Ca2+ leak, and mycolactone's stabilisation of the latter underpins the phenotype observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bcj20210345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T09:15:02Z","timestamp":1635844502000},"page":"4005-4024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mycolactone enhances the Ca2+ leak from endoplasmic reticulum by trapping Sec61 translocons in a Ca2+ permeable state"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"478","author":[{"given":"Pratiti","family":"Bhadra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Gamayun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tillman","family":"Pick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Ogbechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda S.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volkhard","family":"Helms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarland Informatics Campus, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Simmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9116-1501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo","family":"Cavali\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112316484792700_BCJ-2021-0345C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2077","article-title":"Buruli ulcer: reductive evolution enhances pathogenicity of Mycobacterium ulcerans","volume":"7","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. 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