{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T23:25:24Z","timestamp":1779924324568,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>WRKY transcription factors, a plant-specific family of transcriptional regulators, are classified into four groups (I\u2013IV) and play pivotal roles in plant defense, development, and stress responses. These proteins are characterized by conserved WRKY domains that preferentially bind to the W-box cis-element C\/TTGACC\/T in target gene promoters. In Gossypium hirsutum (Gh; upland cotton), the group IId member GhWRKY17 regulates cotton fiber development by activating downstream target genes such as GhHOX3 through promoter W-box binding. However, the structural basis for its DNA recognition specificity remains elusive. Here, we present the 1.8 \u00c5 resolution crystal structure of the GhWRKY17 WRKY domain in complex with the GhHOX3 promoter DNA\u2014the first structural characterization of a group IId WRKY protein. Structural analysis reveals that it consists of four antiparallel \u03b2-strands, with the \u03b22-strand (harboring the conserved 249WRKYGQK255 motif) and \u03b23-strand co-operatively engaging the DNA major groove. Key residues (R250, K251, Y252, Q254, K255, R264, Y266, Y267) form an intricate hydrogen-bonding network essential for recognizing the extended G\/TTTGACC motif. Comparative structural analyses with group I\/IIa\/III WRKY\u2013DNA complexes reveal that GhWRKY17\u2019s dual-strand engagement and extensively hydrogen bond-mediated specific interaction represent novel mechanistic features distinguishing group IId members from other WRKY subgroups, emphasizing the necessity for subgroup-specific investigations. These findings not only establish a structural paradigm for group IId WRKY function but also provide molecular insights for engineering cotton fiber traits through transcriptional regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bcj20250191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T16:34:54Z","timestamp":1769099694000},"page":"149-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Structural basis for sequence-specific DNA recognition by a group IId WRKY transcription factor GhWRKY17 in cotton"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"483","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7260-1023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Translational Research for Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Life Science Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinrong","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China"},{"name":"6Structural Genomics Consortium and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G, 1L7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Translational Research for Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, 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