{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:04:17Z","timestamp":1791093857331,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u03b1-Synuclein, a neuronal presynaptic protein, has been reported to undergo oligomerization to form toxic Lewy bodies in neurodegenerative disorders. One of the proposed mechanisms for aggregation of \u03b1-synuclein involves oxidative and nitrative modifications. In the present study, we show that addition of 3-morpholino-sydnonimine chloride (SIN-1) or slow infusion of pre-formed peroxynitrite (ONOO\u2212) to mixtures containing \u03b1-synuclein and HCO3\u2212 markedly enhanced both nitration and aggregation of \u03b1-synuclein through dityrosine formation. Bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) also induced covalent aggregation of \u03b1-synuclein via a CO3\u2022\u2212-dependent mechanism. Nitrone spin traps completely inhibited CO3\u2022\u2212-mediated oxidation\/nitration and aggregation of \u03b1-synuclein. Conversely, \u03b1-synuclein inhibited CO3\u2022\u2212-induced spin adduct formation. Independent evidence for CO3\u2022\u2212-mediated oxidation and dimerization of \u03b1-synuclein was obtained from UV photolysis of [(NH3)5CoCO3]+, which generates authentic CO3\u2022\u2212. Irradiation of [(NH3)5CoCO3]+ and NO2\u2212 in the presence of \u03b1-synuclein yielded nitration and aggregation products that were similar to those obtained from a SIN-1 (or slowly infused ONOO\u2212) and HCO3\u2212 or a myeloperoxidase\/H2O2\/NO2\u2212 system. Hydrophobic membranes greatly influenced \u03b1-synuclein aggregation and nitration in these systems. We conclude that both CO3\u2022\u2212 and NO2\u2022 could play a major role in the nitration\/aggregation of \u03b1-synuclein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20031466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,24]],"date-time":"2004-02-24T15:35:09Z","timestamp":1077636909000},"page":"435-447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Bicarbonate enhances alpha-synuclein oligomerization and nitration: intermediacy of carbonate radical anion and nitrogen dioxide radical"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"378","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"ANDREKOPOULOS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"JOSEPH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shasi","family":"KALIVENDI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"KALYANARAMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","container-title":["Biochemical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemj\/article-pdf\/378\/2\/435\/713059\/bj3780435.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemj\/article-pdf\/378\/2\/435\/713059\/bj3780435.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T12:52:32Z","timestamp":1637585552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemj\/article\/378\/2\/435\/41263\/Bicarbonate-enhances-alpha-synuclein"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bj20031466","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-6021","1470-8728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-6021","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8728","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]]}}}