{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:58:17Z","timestamp":1792601897436,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>XOR (xanthine oxidoreductase) purified from human milk was shown to contain 0.04 atom of Mo and 0.09 molecule of molybdopterin\/subunit. On the basis of UV\/visible and CD spectra, the human enzyme was approx. 30% deficient in iron-sulphur centres. Mo(V) EPR showed the presence of a weak rapid signal corresponding to the enzyme of low xanthine oxidase activity and a slow signal indicating a significant content of desulpho-form. Resulphuration experiments, together with calculations based on enzymic activity and Mo content, led to an estimate of 50\u201360% desulpho-form. Fe\/S EPR showed, in addition to the well-known Fe\/S I and Fe\/S II species, the presence of a third Fe\/S signal, named Fe\/S III, which appears to replace partially Fe\/S I. Comparison is made with similarly prepared bovine milk XOR, which has approx. 15-fold higher enzymic activity and Mo content. Taken along with evidence of low Mo content in the milk of other mammals, these findings add further support to the idea that XOR protein plays a physiological role in milk (e.g. in secretion) equal in importance to its catalytic function as an enzyme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20041984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,7]],"date-time":"2005-06-07T09:42:14Z","timestamp":1118137334000},"page":"501-508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Molecular characterization of human xanthine oxidoreductase: the enzyme is grossly deficient in molybdenum and substantially deficient in iron-sulphur centres"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"388","author":[{"given":"Benjamin\u00a0L.\u00a0J.","family":"GODBER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guenter","family":"SCHWARZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botanical Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf\u00a0R.","family":"MENDEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botanical Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0J.","family":"LOWE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Chemistry Department, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert\u00a0C.","family":"BRAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"EISENTHAL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"HARRISON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112217440227900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1874-6047(08)60229-2","article-title":"Molybdenum iron-sulfur flavin hydroxylases and related enzymes","volume-title":"The Enzymes, vol. 12, 3rd edn.","author":"Bray","year":"1975"},{"key":"2021112217440227900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1021\/cr950061t","article-title":"The mononuclear molybdenum enzymes","volume":"96","author":"Hille","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chem. 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(Tokyo)"},{"key":"2021112217440227900_B40","unstructured":"Pearson\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Solution of the crystal structure of human milk xanthine oxidoreductase\n          Ph.D. dissertation\n          2001\n          Scotland, U.K.\n          University of St Andrews, St Andrews"},{"key":"2021112217440227900_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20030121","article-title":"Mammalian molybdo-flavoenzymes, an expanding family of proteins: structure, genetics, regulation, function and pathophysiology","volume":"372","author":"Garattini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"2021112217440227900_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-711X(89)90201-2","article-title":"Preparation of antibodies against xanthine oxidase from human milk","volume":"21","author":"Graham","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. 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