{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T12:35:27Z","timestamp":1776429327936,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The lethal and oedema toxins produced by Bacillus anthracis, the aetiological agent of anthrax, are made by association of protective antigen with lethal and oedema factors and play a major role in the pathogenesis of anthrax. In the present paper, we describe the production of peptide-based specific inhibitors in branched form which inhibit the interaction of protective antigen with lethal and oedema factors and neutralize anthrax toxins in vitro and in vivo. Anti-protective antigen peptides were selected from a phage library by competitive panning with lethal factor. Selected 12-mer peptides were synthesized in tetra-branched form and were systematically modified to obtain peptides with higher affinity and inhibitory efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20051747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,15]],"date-time":"2006-03-15T16:56:53Z","timestamp":1142441813000},"page":"157-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Stable peptide inhibitors prevent binding of lethal and oedema factors to protective antigen and neutralize anthrax toxin <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"395","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ylenia","family":"Runci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Falciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Lelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jlenia","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Pileri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Fabbrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Lozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bernini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiorella","family":"Tonello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, CNR, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Dal\u00a0Molin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neri","family":"Niccolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Bracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112217193142500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411107","article-title":"Anthrax","volume":"341","author":"Dixon","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. 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