{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:47:59Z","timestamp":1762271279139},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>NRPSs (non-ribosomal peptide synthetases) and PKSs (polyketide synthases) require post-translational phosphopantetheinylation to become active. This reaction is catalysed by a PPTase (4\u2032-phosphopantetheinyl transferase). The ppt gene of Penicillium chrysogenum, encoding a protein that shares 50% similarity with the stand-alone large PPTases, has been cloned. This gene is present as a single copy in the genome of the wild-type and high-penicillin-producing strains (containing multiple copies of the penicillin gene cluster). Amplification of the ppt gene produced increases in isopenicillin N and benzylpenicillin biosynthesis. A PPTase-defective mutant (Wis54-PPT\u2212) was obtained. It required lysine and lacked pigment and penicillin production, but it still synthesized normal levels of roquefortine. The biosynthesis of roquefortine does not appear to involve PPTase-mediated modification of the synthesizing enzymes. The PPT\u2212 mutant did not require fatty acids, which indicates that activation of the fatty acid synthase is performed by a different PPTase. Complementation of Wis54-PPT\u2212 with the ppt gene restored lysine biosynthesis, pigmentation and penicillin production, which demonstrates the wide range of processes controlled by this gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20080369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,18]],"date-time":"2008-06-18T13:01:37Z","timestamp":1213794097000},"page":"317-324","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Post-translational enzyme modification by the phosphopantetheinyl transferase is required for lysine and penicillin biosynthesis but not for roquefortine or fatty acid formation in <i>Penicillium chrysogenum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"415","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Garc\u00eda-Estrada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda de Le\u00f3n (INBIOTEC). Parque Cient\u00edfico de Le\u00f3n, Av. Real, 1, 24006, Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo\u00a0V.","family":"Ull\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda de Le\u00f3n (INBIOTEC). Parque Cient\u00edfico de Le\u00f3n, Av. Real, 1, 24006, Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Velasco-Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda de Le\u00f3n (INBIOTEC). Parque Cient\u00edfico de Le\u00f3n, Av. Real, 1, 24006, Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramiro\u00a0P.","family":"Godio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda de Le\u00f3n (INBIOTEC). Parque Cient\u00edfico de Le\u00f3n, Av. 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Microbiol."},{"key":"2021112215073222100_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6171","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9829940","article-title":"Lysine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: mechanism of \u03b1-aminoadipate reductase (Lys2) involves posttranslational phosphopantetheinylation by Lys5","volume":"38","author":"Ehmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2021112215073222100_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380050847","article-title":"Characterization of the lys2 gene of Penicillium chrysogenum encoding \u03b1-aminoadipic acid reductase","volume":"259","author":"Casqueiro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. 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Biochem."},{"key":"2021112215073222100_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17023","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200120200","article-title":"Recognition of hybrid peptidyl carrier proteins\/acyl carrier proteins in nonribosomal peptide synthetase modules by the 4\u2032-phosphopantetheinyl transferases AcpS and Sfp","volume":"277","author":"Mofid","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112215073222100_B33","first-page":"51","article-title":"Functional characterization of 4\u2032-phosphopantetheinyl transferase genes of bacterial and fungal origin by complementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lys5","volume":"213","author":"Mootz","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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Genet."},{"key":"2021112215073222100_B36","first-page":"494","article-title":"High frequency transformation of Penicillium chrysogenum","volume":"5","author":"Cantoral","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bio\/Technology"},{"key":"2021112215073222100_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00435290","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of pyrG mutants of Penicillium chrysogenum by resistance to 5\u2032-fluorotic acid","volume":"12","author":"D\u00edez","year":"1987","journal-title":"Curr. Genet."},{"key":"2021112215073222100_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-007-0999-4","article-title":"In vivo transport of the intermediates of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway in tailored strains of Penicillium chrysogenum","volume":"76","author":"Garc\u00eda-Estrada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2021112215073222100_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s002940050365","article-title":"Characterization and nitrogen-source regulation at the transcriptional level of the gdhA gene of Aspergillus awamori encoding an NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase","volume":"34","author":"Cardoza","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Genet."},{"key":"2021112215073222100_B39a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ull\u00e1n\n              R.\u00a0V.\n            \n            \n              Godio\n              R.\u00a0P.\n            \n            \n              Teijeira\n              F.\n            \n            \n              Vaca\n              I.\n            \n            \n              Garc\u00eda-Estrada\n              C.\n            \n            \n              Feltrer\n              R.\n            \n            \n              Kosalkova\n              K.\n            \n            \n              Mart\u00edn\n              J.\u00a0F.\n            \n          \n          RNA silencing in Penicillium chrysogenum and Acremonium chrysogenum: validation studies using beta-lactam genes expression\n          J. Microbiol. 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Biol."},{"key":"2021112215073222100_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.150.2.785-787.1982","article-title":"Extracellular siderophores of rapidly growing Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum","volume":"150","author":"Charlang","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"2021112215073222100_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03586.x","article-title":"The siderophore system is essential for viability of Aspergillus nidulans: functional analysis of two genes encoding l-ornithine N 5-monooxygenase (sidA) and a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (sidC)","volume":"49","author":"Eisendle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. 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