{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T08:04:07Z","timestamp":1772611447617,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>HBV and HCV (hepatitis B and C viruses respectively) affect hundreds of millions of people globally, and are a major cause of chronic liver disease, including NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Previous work on HCV-associated fatty liver disease has implicated two transcription factors that are important in lipid metabolism, SREBP1c (sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c) and the LXR\u03b1 (liver X receptor \u03b1). HBV-associated fatty liver disease has been less well-studied. New work from Kim and colleagues in this issue of the Biochemical Journal has provided new insight into how HBV causes fatty liver disease. Investigating HBV's so-called X gene product (HBx), they report that this viral protein directly binds to LXR\u03b1 in the host liver cells to up-regulate the lipogenic transcription factor, SREBP1c. Also discussed in this commentary is another way that viruses such as HBV and HCV could induce SREBP1c-mediated lipogenesis, via the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)\u2013Akt signalling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20081916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T16:11:06Z","timestamp":1226506266000},"page":"e15-e17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Viral hepatitis and fatty liver disease: how an unwelcome guest makes p\u00e2t\u00e9 of the host"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"416","author":[{"given":"Andrew\u00a0J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BABS, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Biosciences Building D26, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112215105761000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21416","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus\u2013cell interactions and pathogenesis","volume":"216","author":"Nguyen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"2021112215105761000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"xxxx","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081336","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus X protein induces lipogenic transcription factor SREBP1 and fatty acid synthase through the activation of nuclear receptor LXR\u03b1","volume":"416","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"2021112215105761000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215593","article-title":"SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver","volume":"109","author":"Horton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021112215105761000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown\n              A.\u00a0J.\n            \n          \n          24(S),25-Epoxycholesterol: a messenger for cholesterol homeostasis\n          Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.\n          2008\n          \n            doi:10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.05.029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.05.029"},{"key":"2021112215105761000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.039","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus X protein induces hepatic steatosis via transcriptional activation of SREBP1 and PPAR\u03b3","volume":"132","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021112215105761000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20070837","article-title":"RXR heterodimerization allosterically activates LXR binding to the second NR box of activating signal co-integrator-2","volume":"410","author":"Son","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. 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Virol."},{"key":"2021112215105761000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1855","article-title":"The TORrid affairs of viruses: effects of mammalian DNA viruses on the PI3K\u2013Akt\u2013mTOR signalling pathway","volume":"6","author":"Buchkovich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2021112215105761000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16969","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M011263200","article-title":"The hepatitis B virus-X protein activates a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent survival signaling cascade","volume":"276","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112215105761000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e05-11-1094","article-title":"Involvement of Akt in ER-to-Golgi transport of SCAP\/SREBP: a link between a key cell proliferative pathway and membrane synthesis","volume":"17","author":"Du","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"2021112215105761000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.07.007","article-title":"SREBP activity is regulated by mTORC1 and contributes to Akt-dependent cell growth","volume":"8","author":"Porstmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2021112215105761000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.06.108","article-title":"Rapamycin down-regulates LDL-receptor expression independently of SREBP-2","volume":"373","author":"Sharpe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. 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