{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:00:34Z","timestamp":1790143234789,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of human Legionnaires' disease. L. pneumophila has been shown to induce apoptosis of T-cells and this may be important pathologically and clinically. The present study has determined the molecular mechanisms underlying L. pneumophila-induced apoptosis, which were unclear. Wild-type L. pneumophila and flagellin-deficient Legionella, but not L. pneumophila lacking a functional type\u00a0IV secretion system Dot\/Icm, replicated in T-cells. However, apoptosis was efficiently induced in T-cells only by wild-type L. pneumophila, and not flagellin-deficient or Dot\/Icm-deficient Legionella. Induction of apoptosis involved activation of the initiator caspase 9 and effector caspase 3. Infection with L. pneumophila inhibited phosphorylation of Akt (also known as protein kinase B) and the Akt substrate GSK3\u03b2 (glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2), and reduced the levels of \u03b2-catenin, a transcriptional activator regulated by GSK3\u03b2. It also caused the activation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and inhibited the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis) via inhibition of the Akt pathway. In conclusion, L. pneumophila induces mitochondria-mediated T-cell apoptosis through inhibition of the Akt\/GSK3\u03b2 signalling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20091768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,29]],"date-time":"2010-01-29T14:24:43Z","timestamp":1264775083000},"page":"57-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Inhibition of Akt\/GSK3\u03b2 signalling pathway by<i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>is involved in induction of T-cell apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"427","author":[{"given":"Reika","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan"},{"name":"Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Teruya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Heuner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project group 26 \u201cNosocomial Infections of the Elderly\u201d, Robert Koch-Institut, 20 Nordufer, Berlin 13353, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futoshi","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiro","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112214313986100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2001.00093.x","article-title":"Evidence that Dot-dependent and -independent factors isolate the Legionella pneumophila phagosome from the endocytic network in mouse macrophages","volume":"3","author":"Joshi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell. 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