{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:27:52Z","timestamp":1791203272113,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The peptides encoded by the VGF gene are gaining biomedical interest and are increasingly being scrutinized as biomarkers for human disease. An endocrine\/neuromodulatory role for VGF peptides has been suggested but never demonstrated. Furthermore, no study has demonstrated so far the existence of a receptor-mediated mechanism for any VGF peptide. In the present study, we provide a comprehensive in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo identification of a novel pro-lipolytic pathway mediated by the TLQP-21 peptide. We show for the first time that VGF-immunoreactivity is present within sympathetic fibres in the WAT (white adipose tissue) but not in the adipocytes. Furthermore, we identified a saturable receptor-binding activity for the TLQP-21 peptide. The maximum binding capacity for TLQP-21 was higher in the WAT as compared with other tissues, and selectively up-regulated in the adipose tissue of obese mice. TLQP-21 increases lipolysis in murine adipocytes via a mechanism encompassing the activation of noradrenaline\/\u03b2-adrenergic receptors pathways and dose-dependently decreases adipocytes diameters in two models of obesity. In conclusion, we demonstrated a novel and previously uncharacterized peripheral lipolytic pathway encompassing the VGF peptide TLQP-21. Targeting the sympathetic nerve\u2013adipocytes interaction might prove to be a novel approach for the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20111165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T18:28:48Z","timestamp":1314901728000},"page":"511-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Characterization of a novel peripheral pro-lipolytic mechanism in mice: role of VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"441","author":[{"given":"Roberta","family":"Possenti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council and Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Roma II \u2013 Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampiero","family":"Muccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Petrocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council and Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Roma II \u2013 Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Cero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aderville","family":"Cabassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Vulchanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen\u00a0S.","family":"Riedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monia","family":"Manieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Frontini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saverio","family":"Cinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Govoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gallia","family":"Graiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Internal Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Quaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Internal Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrado","family":"Gh\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Bresciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Bulgarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Torsello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Sanghez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjarne\u00a0D.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zealand Pharma A\/S, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorgen\u00a0S.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zealand Pharma A\/S, Glostrup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Palanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Parmigiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Moles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council and Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Genomnia srl, Lainate, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council and Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bartolomucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112216075565300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0604-563","article-title":"Modern science versus the stigma of obesity","volume":"10","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2136","article-title":"The obesity pipeline: current strategies in the development of anti-obesity drugs","volume":"5","author":"Cooke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.04.010","article-title":"The adipose organ. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essent","volume":"73","author":"Cinti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fatty Acids"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R700006-JLR200","article-title":"Sympathetic and sensory innervation of white adipose tissue","volume":"48","author":"Bartness","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R700005-JLR200","article-title":"Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation","volume":"48","author":"Sethi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.08.015","article-title":"Fatty acid flux in adipocytes: the in's and out's of fat cell lipid trafficking","volume":"318","author":"Thompson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2006.03.009","article-title":"Adipose tissue lipolysis as a metabolic pathway to define pharmacological strategies against obesity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Langin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073160","article-title":"\u03b2AR signalling required for diet-induced thermogenesis and obesity resistance","volume":"297","author":"Bachman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd770","article-title":"Obesity therapy: altering the energy intake-and-expenditure balance sheet","volume":"1","author":"Crowley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2399","article-title":"Protein therapeutics: a summary and pharmacological classification","volume":"7","author":"Leader","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.06.057","article-title":"Granins as disease-biomarkers: translational potential for psychiatric and neurological disorders","volume":"170","author":"Bartolomucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CEMN.0000023627.79947.22","article-title":"Processing, distribution, and function of VGF, a neuronal and endocrine peptide precursor","volume":"24","author":"Levi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.2000.0199","article-title":"VGF: a novel role for this neuronal and neuroendocrine polypeptide in the regulation of energy balance","volume":"21","author":"Salton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.02.124","article-title":"Quantification of VGF- and pro-SAAS-derived peptides in endocrine tissues and the brain, and their regulation by diet and cold stress","volume":"1089","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6929","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-16-06929.2002","article-title":"VGF is required for obesity induced by diet, gold thioglucose treatment, and agouti and is differentially regulated in pro-opiomelanocortin- and neuropeptide Y-containing arcuate neurons in response to fasting","volume":"22","author":"Hahm","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80806-5","article-title":"Targeted deletion of the Vgf gene indicates that the encoded secretory peptide precursor plays a novel role in the regulation of energy balance","volume":"23","author":"Hahm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14584","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606102103","article-title":"TLQP-21, a VGF-derived peptide, increases energy expenditure and prevents the early phase of diet-induced obesity","volume":"103","author":"Bartolomucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E394","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00768.2009","article-title":"Neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-2 regulates feeding behavior via the orexin system in the hypothalamus","volume":"299","author":"Toshinai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-009-0110-0","article-title":"Chronic intracerebroventricular injection of TLQP-21 prevents high fat diet induced weight gain in fast weight-gaining mice","volume":"4","author":"Bartolomucci","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0346","article-title":"Differential distribution of VGF-derived peptides in the adrenal medulla and evidence for their selective modulation","volume":"197","author":"D'Amato","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.06.018","article-title":"The VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21: a new modulatory peptide for inflammatory pain","volume":"441","author":"Rizzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2010.04.007","article-title":"Localization of neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-1 and -2 in human tissues","volume":"163","author":"Matsuo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13377","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1127-09.2009","article-title":"Proteomic analysis uncovers novel actions of the neurosecretory protein VGF in nociceptive processing","volume":"29","author":"Riedl","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(97)00126-3","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of the P2X2 and P2X3 receptor subunits in rat and monkey sensory neurons and their central terminals","volume":"36","author":"Vulchanova","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1570099","article-title":"Specific receptors for synthetic GH secretagogues in the human brain and pituitary gland","volume":"157","author":"Muccioli","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.07.066","article-title":"Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin both inhibit isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in rat adipocytes via a non-type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor","volume":"498","author":"Muccioli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)85559-X","article-title":"Induction of fatty acid synthetase synthesis in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes","volume":"255","author":"Student","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00002","DOI":"10.1042\/CBR20100002","article-title":"Activation of kinase phosphorylation by heat-shift and mild heat-shock","volume":"17","author":"Petrocchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Biol. Int. Rep."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4331","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004331","article-title":"Metabolic consequences and vulnerability to diet-induced obesity in male mice under chronic social stress","volume":"4","author":"Bartolomucci","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B30","first-page":"21","article-title":"Morphologic techniques for the study of brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue","volume":"155","author":"Cinti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.23.2359","article-title":"Dilated and failing cardiomyopathy in bradykinin B2 receptor knockout mice","volume":"100","author":"Emanueli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000174986.73346.ba","article-title":"Genetic deletion of the p66Shc adaptor protein protects from angiotensin II-induced myocardial damage","volume":"46","author":"Graiani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2133","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00869.2003","article-title":"Effects of chronic psychosocial stress on cardiac autonomic responsiveness and myocardial structure in mice","volume":"286","author":"Costoli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-9-19","article-title":"Analysis of knockout mice suggests a role for VGF in the control of fat storage and energy expenditure","volume":"9","author":"Watson","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Physiol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.01.010","article-title":"The neuroendocrine protein VGF is sorted into dense-core granules and is secreted apically by polarized rat thyroid epithelial cells","volume":"295","author":"Gentile","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.8.6920","article-title":"Expression, processing, and secretion of the neuroendocrine VGF peptides by INS-1 cells","volume":"140","author":"Possenti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.4A6566.2005","article-title":"Regional-dependent increase of sympathetic innervation in rat white adipose tissue during prolonged fasting","volume":"53","author":"Giordano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2005.08.009","article-title":"Signalling mechanisms regulating lipolysis","volume":"18","author":"Carmen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Signalling"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2009.01.015","article-title":"Regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by cAMP in adipocytes: roles for phosphodiesterases, protein kinase B, protein kinase A, Epac and lipolysis","volume":"21","author":"Omar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43074","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308484200","article-title":"Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in cyclic AMP-dependent lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"278","author":"Yin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1995","article-title":"Sympathetic modulation by carvedilol and losartan reduces angiotensin II-mediated lipolysis in subcutaneous and visceral fat","volume":"90","author":"Cabassi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319246","article-title":"Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue","volume":"112","author":"Weisberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319451","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance","volume":"112","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M500294-JLR200","article-title":"Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans","volume":"46","author":"Cinti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1838","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01063.2001","article-title":"Abnormal cardiac function associated with sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity in mice","volume":"283","author":"Brum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.1.215","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of myocardial remodeling","volume":"79","author":"Swynghedauw","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00842.x","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of VGF peptides in rat brain. Role of PC1\/3 and PC2 in the maturation of VGF precursor","volume":"81","author":"Trani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65062441.x","article-title":"Tissue-specific processing of the neuroendocrine protein VGF","volume":"65","author":"Trani","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43615","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301809200","article-title":"Mutational analysis of the hormone-sensitive lipase translocation reaction in adipocytes","volume":"278","author":"Su","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29044","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in metabolic regulation","volume":"116","author":"Long","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.20.1.365","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms regulating hormone-sensitive lipase and lipolysis","volume":"20","author":"Holm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05068.x","article-title":"TLQP-21, a neuroendocrine VGF-derived peptide, prevents cerebellar granule cells death induced by serum and potassium deprivation","volume":"104","author":"Severini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25250","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M414222200","article-title":"Anti-lipolytic action of AMP-activated protein kinase in rodent adipocytes","volume":"280","author":"Daval","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45456","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104436200","article-title":"Stimulation of lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway","volume":"276","author":"Greenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B55"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2005.05.009","article-title":"Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-\u03b2 is an alternative upstream kinase for AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"2","author":"Hawley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147.2","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.22.1_supplement.147.2","article-title":"Increasing intracellular calcium in adipocytes increases fatty acid oxidation via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"22","author":"Gabler","year":"2008","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(96)00037-9","article-title":"Effect of acute cold exposure on norepinephrine turnover rates in rat white adipose tissue","volume":"60","author":"Garofalo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Auton. Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1445","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00068.2008","article-title":"Differential sympathetic drive to adipose tissues after food deprivation, cold exposure or glucoprivation","volume":"294","author":"Brito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1167","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00558.2003","article-title":"Sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue and its regulation of fat cell number","volume":"286","author":"Bowers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1126\/science.140.3565.387","article-title":"Adipose tissue: ability to respond to nerve stimulation in vitro","volume":"140","author":"Correll","year":"1963","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E62","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00008.2005","article-title":"Stimulation of NGF expression and secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by prostaglandins PGD2, PGJ2, and \u039412-PGJ2","volume":"289","author":"Bull\u00f3","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E331","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00076.2004","article-title":"NGF gene expression and secretion in white adipose tissue: regulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by hormones and inflammatory cytokines","volume":"287","author":"Peeraully","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0027","article-title":"The extended granin family: structure, functions and biomedical implications","author":"Bartolomucci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2004.05.002","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of ligand binding, signaling, and regulation within the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors: molecular modeling and mutagenesis approaches to receptor structure and function","volume":"103","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"2021112216075565300_B66","first-page":"101","article-title":"Growth hormone and prolactin receptors in adipogenesis: STAT-5 activation, suppressors of cytokine signaling, and regulation of insulin-like growth factor I","volume":"66","author":"Fleenor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm. Res."}],"container-title":["Biochemical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemj\/article-pdf\/441\/1\/511\/677748\/bj4410511.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemj\/article-pdf\/441\/1\/511\/677748\/bj4410511.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T21:44:38Z","timestamp":1712785478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemj\/article\/441\/1\/511\/47953\/Characterization-of-a-novel-peripheral-pro"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,14]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bj20111165","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-6021","1470-8728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-6021","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8728","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,14]]}}}