{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:27:39Z","timestamp":1791998859175,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Plg (plasminogen), a member of the serine protease superfamily, is a key component constituting the fibrinolytic system, and its evolutionary origin remains unknown during the course of animal evolution. In the present study, we isolated a cDNA, designated BbPlgl, encoding a kringle-containing protease with plasminogen-like activity from the basal chordate Branchiostoma belcheri. The deduced protein, BbPlgl, consisted of 430 amino acids, which is structurally characterized by the presence of an N-terminal signal peptide of 16 amino acids, 2 kringle domains with a Lys-binding site structure, a serine protease domain with the putative tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)-cleavage site (between Arg297 and Val298), the catalytic triad His237-Asp288-Ser379 expected for protease function, and a potential N-linked glycosylation site, all characteristic of Plgs. Besides, the recombinant refolded BbPlgl was readily activated by human uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator), and exhibited Plg-like activity. BbPlgl was also able to auto-activate at neutral and alkaline pH at 4\u00b0C without the addition of uPA, and the activation was accelerated by addition of human uPA. These results demonstrate that BbPlgl is a novel member of the Plg family, with a domain structure of K-K-SP (kringle-kringle-serine protease) lacking the PAN domain, pushing the evolutionary origin of Plg to the protochordate. In addition, BbPlgl displays a tissue-specific expression pattern in B. belcheri, with the most abundant expression in the hepatic caecum and hind-gut, agreeing with the notion that the hepatic caecum of amphioxus is the precursor of the vertebrate liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20080173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,4]],"date-time":"2009-02-04T16:12:23Z","timestamp":1233763943000},"page":"385-395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["A kringle-containing protease with plasminogen-like activity in the basal chordate <i>Branchiostoma belcheri<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mingying","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shicui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111618045583700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.49.070180.004001","article-title":"Blood coagulation","volume":"49","author":"Jackson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Annu. 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