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This review is focused on biogenesis and biological properties of RSS, including: hydropersulfides, polysulfides and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Based on the most up-to-date literature data, the paper presents biological significance of S-sulfhydration process. In this reaction, sulfane sulfur is transferred to the\u2013SH groups forming hydropersulfides. Protein cysteine residues, called \u2018redox switches\u2019 are susceptible to such reversible modifications. In line with the most recent reports, it was emphasized that sulfane sulfur-containing compounds (mainly hydrogen persulfides and polysulfides) are real and better mediators of S-sulfhydration-based signalling than H2S. We also overviewed proteins participating in the formation and transport of RSS and in mitochondrial H2S oxidation. In addition, we reviewed many reports about proteins unrelated to sulfur metabolism which are modified by S-sulfhydration that influences their catalytic activity. We also addressed the problem of the regulatory function of S-sulfhydration reaction in the activation of KATP channels (vasorelaxant) and transcription factors (e.g. NF\u03baB) as well as in the mechanism of therapeutic action of garlic-derived sulfur compounds. Some aspects of comparison between RNS and RSS are also discussed in this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20150147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T21:54:15Z","timestamp":1448488455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["S-sulfhydration as a cellular redox regulation"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Iciek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 7, Kopernika Str., 31-034 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danuta","family":"Kowalczyk-Pachel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 7, Kopernika Str., 31-034 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bilska-Wilkosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 7, Kopernika Str., 31-034 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Kwiecie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9, Medyczna Str., 30-688 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"G\u00f3rny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 7, Kopernika Str., 31-034 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"W\u0142odek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 7, Kopernika Str., 31-034 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111618213385400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2023","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01283.2006","article-title":"Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling in endothelial cells","volume":"292","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. 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