{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:38:51Z","timestamp":1790509131111,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":850,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While immunodeficiency of immaturity of the neonate has been considered important as the basis for unusual susceptibility to infection, it has also been recognized that the ability to progress from an immature Th2 cytokine predominance to a Th1 profile has relevance in determining whether children will develop allergy, providing an opportunity for epigenetic regulation through environmental pressures. However, this notion remains relatively unexplored. Here, we present evidence that there are two major control points to explain the immunodeficiency in cord blood (CB) T-cells, a deficiency in interleukin (IL)-12 (IL-12) producing and IL-10 overproducing accessory cells, leading to a decreased interferon \u03b3 (IFN\u03b3) synthesis and the other, an intrinsic defect in T-cell protein kinase C (PKC) \u03b6 (PKC\u03b6) expression. An important finding was that human CB T-cells rendered deficient in PKC\u03b6, by shRNA knockdown, develop into low tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) and IFN\u03b3 but increased IL-13 producing cells. Interestingly, we found that the increase in PKC\u03b6 levels in CB T-cells caused by prenatal supplementation with fish oil correlated with modifications of histone acetylation at the PKC\u03b6 gene (PRKCZ) promoter. The data demonstrate that PKC\u03b6 expression regulates the maturation of neonatal T-cells into specific functional phenotypes and that environmental influences may work via PKC\u03b6 to regulate these phenotypes and disease susceptibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20160485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T20:20:13Z","timestamp":1486153213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["The role of PKC\u03b6 in cord blood T-cell maturation towards Th1 cytokine profile and its epigenetic regulation by fish oil"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Hani","family":"Harb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Irvine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women and Children\u2019s Hospital Campus, School of Medicine; Robinson Research Institute and School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manori","family":"Amarasekera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles\u00a0S.","family":"Hii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women and Children\u2019s Hospital Campus, School of Medicine; Robinson Research Institute and School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00f6rthe\u00a0A.","family":"Kesper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YueFang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women and Children\u2019s Hospital Campus, School of Medicine; Robinson Research Institute and School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"D\u2019Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Renz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel\u00a0P.","family":"Potaczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan\u00a0L.","family":"Prescott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women and Children\u2019s Hospital Campus, School of Medicine; Robinson Research Institute and School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111619083420200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3084","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3084","article-title":"Functional maturation of CD4+CD25+CTLA4+CD45RA+ T regulatory cells in human neonatal T cell responses to environmental antigens\/allergens","volume":"173","author":"Thornton","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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