{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:59:18Z","timestamp":1787169558261,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":626,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>DNA methylation and demethylation play a critical role in the regulation of the molecular pathogenesis of gliomas. Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) catalyses the sequential oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, (5hmC) leading to eventual DNA demethylation. It has been reported that TET1 is a tumour suppressor in several cancers. However, whether TET1 plays a role in glioma development is largely unclear. Different glioma specimens and corresponding normal controls were collected to analyse the expression of TET1. At the same time, TET1 of glioma U251 cells was knocked down or overexpressed to observe its effect on glioma cell proliferation and invasion as well as autophagy level. Here, we reported that the expression of TET1 in glioma tissue was significantly lower than the corresponding non-tumour normal tissues, and the concentration of TET1 is negatively correlated with the glioma WHO classification. When TET1 gene in glioma U251 cells was knocked down by CRISPR\/Caspase-9 system, the proliferation and invasive ability of U251 increased remarkably. But when TET1 was overexpressed in U251 cells, the proliferation and invasion were impaired. Following the down-expression of TET1, the level of autophagy in U251 cells decreased accordingly.However, when TET1 was overexpressed in U251 cells, the level of autophagy incraesed. Furthermore, bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) but not 3-methyladenine (3-MA) could decrease the autophagy level of TET1\u2212\/\u2212 U251 cells as the wild-type controls. It suggests that the tumour suppressor effect of TET1 seems to be mediated by regulating the level of autophagy, and the regulation of TET1 on autophagy is at an early stage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20160523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,24]],"date-time":"2017-03-24T21:53:34Z","timestamp":1490392414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["TET1 exerts its tumour suppressor function by regulating autophagy in glioma cells"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of neurosurgery, affiliated Taihe hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shiyan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of neurosurgery, affiliated Taihe hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shiyan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u00a0Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong\u00a0Sheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi\u00a0Wen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of neurosurgery, affiliated Taihe hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shiyan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111618553547000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.5","article-title":"Recent advances in therapy for glioblastoma","volume":"67","author":"Clarke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7651","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2287","article-title":"MicroRNA-mediated downregulation of NKG2D ligands contributes to glioma immune escape","volume":"5","author":"Codo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1586\/14737140.1.3.395","article-title":"Current epidemiological trends and surveillance issues in brain tumors","volume":"1","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther."},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-009-0440-9","article-title":"Tumor initiating cells in malignant gliomas: biology and implications for therapy","volume":"87","author":"Hadjipanayis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-10-173","article-title":"Balance of DNA methylation and demethylation in cancer development","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28792","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.491365","article-title":"Hydroquinone increases 5-hydroxymethylcytosine formation through ten eleven translocation 1 (TET1) 5-methylcytosine dioxygenase","volume":"288","author":"Coulter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8393","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2298","article-title":"TALEN-mediated Nanog disruption results in less invasiveness, more chemosensitivity and reversal of EMT in Hela cells","volume":"5","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4168","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2014.356","article-title":"TET1 is a tumour suppressor that inhibits colon cancer growth by derepressing inhibitors of the WNT pathway","volume":"34","author":"Neri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2014.1861","article-title":"TET1 exerts its tumor suppressor function by interacting with p53-EZH2 pathway in gastric cancer","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1910","article-title":"Loss of Tet1-associated 5-hydroxymethylcytosine Is concomitant with aberrant promoter hypermethylation in liver cancer","volume":"76","author":"Thomson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0133896","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133896","article-title":"Reduced expression of TET1, TET2, TET3 and TDG mRNAs are associated with poor prognosis of patients with early breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41036","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041036","article-title":"Decreased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is associated with neural progenitor phenotype in normal brain and shorter survival in malignant glioma","volume":"7","author":"Orr","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.04.017","article-title":"Nuclear exclusion of TET1 is associated with loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in IDH1 wild-type gliomas","volume":"181","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-2-59","article-title":"Increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and decreased 5-methylcytosine are indicators of global epigenetic dysregulation in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma","volume":"2","author":"Ahsan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.026","article-title":"Autophagy: renovation of cells and tissues","volume":"147","author":"Mizushima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2010.01103.x","article-title":"The role of autophagy during development in higher eukaryotes","volume":"11","author":"Di Bartolomeo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.4161\/15548627.2014.994346","article-title":"Autophagy Regulatory Network-a systems-level bioinformatics resource for studying the mechanism and regulation of autophagy","volume":"11","author":"T\u00fcrei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmw025","article-title":"The role of autophagy in cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai)"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2016.1181234","article-title":"Autophagy regulates biliary differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells through Notch1 signaling pathway","volume":"15","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.4161\/15384047.2014.955719","article-title":"Autophagy and lysosomal related protein expression patterns in human glioblastoma","volume":"15","author":"Giatromanolaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-009-0004-4","article-title":"Activation of PI3K\/mTOR pathway occurs in most adult low-grade gliomas and predicts patient survival","volume":"97","author":"McBride","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605904","article-title":"Beclin1 over- and underexpression in colorectal cancer: distinct patterns relate to prognosis and tumour hypoxia","volume":"103","author":"Koukourakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.111","article-title":"The autophagy-associated factors DRAM1 and p62 regulate cell migration and invasion in glioblastoma stem cells","volume":"32","author":"Galavotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.20424","article-title":"Inhibition of autophagy impairs tumor cell invasion in an organotypic model","volume":"11","author":"Macintosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"2021111618553547000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molonc.2015.04.016","article-title":"Autophagy induction impairs migration and invasion by reversing EMT in glioblastoma cells","volume":"9","author":"Catalano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1042\/bsr-20160523_ret","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000},"record-id":"28505"},{"DOI":"10.1042\/bsr-20160523_eoc","type":"expression_of_concern","label":"Expression of concern","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"record-id":"23661"},{"DOI":"10.1042\/bsr-20160523_ret","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000}},{"DOI":"10.1042\/bsr-20160523_eoc","type":"expression_of_concern","label":"Expression of concern","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000}}],"container-title":["Bioscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1042\/BSR20160523\/807486\/bsr-2016-0523.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1042\/BSR20160523\/807486\/bsr-2016-0523.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T14:35:38Z","timestamp":1637073338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article\/37\/6\/BSR20160523\/57550\/TET1-exerts-its-tumour-suppressor-function-by"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20160523","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-8463","1573-4935"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-8463","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4935","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,6]]},"article-number":"BSR20160523"}}