{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T01:31:16Z","timestamp":1763429476980,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":527,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Autologous submandibular gland transplantation is an effective treatment for severe dry eye syndrome. However, the protein secretion in transplanted gland is altered by a mechanism that remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that \u03b21-adrenoceptor (\u03b21-AR) and \u03b22-AR expression and the phosphorylation of the downstream molecule protein kinase A (PKA) were elevated in transplanted submandibular glands obtained from epiphora patients. Synaptobrevin\/vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP-2) interacted with syntaxin-4 and actin in human submandibular gland. The contents of syntaxin-4 and actin interacting with VAMP-2 were increased in transplanted gland. Moreover, VAMP-2 and syntaxin-4 expression in the secretory granule fraction, and VAMP-2 expression in the membrane protein fraction were increased in isoproterenol-treated and transplanted glands. Isoproterenol increased F-actin polymerization in the apical and lateral regions of the cytoplasm in both control and transplanted glands. Inhibiting PKA activity and\/or F-actin formation abolished the isoproterenol-enhanced expression of VAMP-2 and syntaxin-4 in the secretory granule fraction and the isoproterenol-enhanced expression of VAMP-2 in the membrane protein fraction. Taken together, these results indicate that the activation of \u03b2-ARs induces secretory granules and cell membrane fusion via the interaction of VAMP-2 and syntaxin-4 in a PKA- and F-actin-dependent manner in human submandibular gland. Up-regulated \u03b2-ARs might participate in altering protein secretion in transplanted submandibular gland by promoting the interaction of VAMP-2 with syntaxin-4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20171142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T01:35:18Z","timestamp":1516671318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["\u03b2-adrenoceptor activation increased VAMP-2 and syntaxin-4 in secretory granules are involved in protein secretion of submandibular gland through the PKA\/F-actin pathway"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Chong","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Ling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang-Yan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111618474298500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745","article-title":"Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells","volume":"67","author":"Melvin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. 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