{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T21:25:56Z","timestamp":1760909156302,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":238,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infection with helminth parasites evokes a complex cellular response in the host, where granulocytes (i.e. eosinophils, basophils and mast cells (MCs)) feature prominently. In addition to being used as markers of helminthic infections, MCs have been implicated in worm expulsion since animals defective in c-kit signaling, which results in diminished MC numbers, can have delayed worm expulsion. The role of MCs in the rejection of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepsis diminuta, from the non-permissive mouse host is not known. MC-deficient mice display a delay in the expulsion of H. diminuta that is accompanied by a less intense splenic Th2 response, as determined by in vitro release of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines. Moreover, worms retrieved from MC-deficient mice were larger than those from wild-type (WT) mice. Assessment of gut-derived IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin revealed lower levels in uninfected MC-deficient mice compared with WT, suggesting a role for MCs in homeostatic control of these cytokines: differences in these gut cytokines between the mouse strains were not observed after infection with H. diminuta. Finally, mice infected with H. diminuta display less severe dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis, and this beneficial effect of the worm was unaltered in MC-deficient mice challenged with DNBS, as assessed by a macroscopic disease score. Thus, while MCs are not essential for rejection of H. diminuta from mice, their absence slows the kinetics of expulsion allowing the development of greater worm biomass prior to successful rejection of the parasitic burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20180687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T14:24:10Z","timestamp":1539959050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mast cell deficiency in mice results in biomass overgrowth and delayed expulsion of the rat tapeworm <i>Hymenolepis diminuta<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Marisol\u00a0I.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Experimental y Regulaci\u00f3n de la Inflamaci\u00f3n Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES Iztacala UNAM, Estado de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek\u00a0M.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Joan and Phoebe Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-0261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9\u00a0L.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Experimental y Regulaci\u00f3n de la Inflamaci\u00f3n Hepato-Intestinal, UBIMED, FES Iztacala UNAM, Estado de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111619210084300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2014.06.003","article-title":"Host protective roles of type 2 immunity: parasite killing and tissue repair, flip sides of the same coin","volume":"26","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.398-407.2004","article-title":"Both free-living and parasitic nematodes induce a characteristic Th2 response that is dependent on the presence of intact glycans","volume":"72","author":"Tawill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1183","article-title":"Immune regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Maizels","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051496","article-title":"Interleukin 25 regulates type 2 cytokine-dependent immunity and limits chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"203","author":"Owyang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.4.2443","article-title":"IL-33, a potent inducer of adaptive immunity to intestinal nematodes","volume":"180","author":"Humphreys","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081499","article-title":"TSLP regulates intestinal immunity and inflammation in mouse models of helminth infection and colitis","volume":"206","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.2016018726","article-title":"Eosinophils in homeostasis and their contrasting roles during inflammation and helminth infections","volume":"36","author":"Strandmark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-016-0563-3","article-title":"Role of basophils in protective immunity to parasitic infections","volume":"38","author":"Eberle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-016-0565-1","article-title":"IgE and mast cells in host defense against parasites and venoms","volume":"38","author":"Mukai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.131.6.1271","article-title":"Mechanism of eosinophilia. I. Factors affecting the eosinophil response of rats to Trichinella spiralis","volume":"131","author":"Basten","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1221064","article-title":"New paradigms in type 2 immunity","volume":"337","author":"Pulendran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12548","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding basophil-mediated Th2 immune responses","volume":"278","author":"Yamanishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxy002","article-title":"Host responses to intestinal nematodes","volume":"30","author":"Yasuda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12634","article-title":"Mast cells as sources of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors","volume":"282","author":"Mukai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101703","article-title":"Skin mast cells protect mice against vaccinia virus by triggering mast cell receptor S1PR2 and releasing antimicrobial peptides","volume":"188","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7565","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7565","article-title":"Mast cell cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide prevents invasive group A Streptococcus infection of the skin","volume":"180","author":"Di Nardo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22381","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906372106","article-title":"Mast cells regulate homeostatic intestinal epithelial migration and barrier function by a chymase\/Mcpt4-dependent mechanism","volume":"106","author":"Groschwitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200647","article-title":"Cutting edge: mast cells critically augment myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity","volume":"189","author":"Saleem","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32966","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5435","article-title":"IL-17 producing mast cells promote the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a mouse allergy model of colorectal cancer","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.1.103","article-title":"Release of both preformed and newly synthesized tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)\/cachectin by mouse mast cells stimulated via the Fc epsilon RI. A mechanism for the sustained action of mast cell-derived TNF-alpha during IgE-dependent biological responses","volume":"174","author":"Gordon","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90339-4","article-title":"B cell stimulatory factor-1\/interleukin-4 mRNA is expressed by normal and transformed mast cells","volume":"50","author":"Brown","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6644","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1112268109","article-title":"Mast cells orchestrate type 2 immunity to helminths through regulation of tissue-derived cytokines","volume":"109","author":"Hepworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.01.048","article-title":"B1 cell IgE impedes mast cell-mediated enhancement of parasite expulsion through B2 IgE blockade","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/32190","article-title":"Role for interleukin-3 in mast-cell and basophil development and in immunity to parasites","volume":"392","author":"Lantz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.12.1849","article-title":"Delayed expulsion of the nematode Trichinella spiralis in mice lacking the mucosal mast cell-specific granule chymase, mouse mast cell protease-1","volume":"192","author":"Knight","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.56","article-title":"Mucosal mast cells are indispensable for the timely termination of Strongyloides ratti infection","volume":"10","author":"Reitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mucosal. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0633-4","article-title":"Hymenolepis pseudodiminuta Tenora et al. 1994 from Apodemus speciosus and H. diminuta: a comparison of experimental infections in rats","volume":"89","author":"Ishih","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087%5b1222:IMMCEA%5d2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Ileal mucosal mast cell, eosinophil, and goblet cell populations during Hymenolepis diminuta infection of the rat","volume":"87","author":"Starke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.02.003","article-title":"Intestinal immunity suppresses carrying capacity of rats for the model tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta","volume":"67","author":"Ohno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2000.00330.x","article-title":"Immunoglobulin E and mast cell responses are related to worm biomass but not expulsion of Hymenolepis diminuta during low dose infection in rats","volume":"22","author":"Ishih","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00012712","article-title":"Differential establishment and survival of Hymenolepis diminuta in syngeneic and outbred rat strains","volume":"66","author":"Ishih","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990886","article-title":"The immune response to and immunomodulation by Hymenolepis diminuta","volume":"137","author":"McKay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.02.006","article-title":"Murine autoimmune arthritis is exaggerated by infection with the rat tapeworm","volume":"43","author":"Graepel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hymenolepis diminuta. Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V80.6.1448.1448","article-title":"c-kit Gene was not transcribed in cultured mast cells of mast cell-deficient Wsh\/Wsh mice that have a normal number of erythrocytes and a normal c-kit coding region","volume":"80","author":"Tono","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005481","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005481","article-title":"IL-22 restrains tapeworm-mediated protection against experimental colitis via regulation of IL-25 expression","volume":"12","author":"Reyes","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2011.04.003","article-title":"Important role of neutrophils in the late asthmatic response in mice","volume":"88","author":"Nabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201041363","article-title":"Specific depletion reveals a novel role for neutrophil-mediated protection in the liver during Listeria monocytogenes infection","volume":"41","author":"Carr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4522","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4522-4529.2005","article-title":"Resistance to intestinal Entamoeba histolytica infection is conferred by innate immunity and Gr-1+ cells","volume":"73","author":"Asgharpour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63580-8","article-title":"Infiltration of neutrophils is required for acquisition of metastatic phenotype of benign murine fibrosarcoma cells: implication of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis and tumor progression","volume":"163","author":"Tazawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.041","article-title":"In vitro-derived alternatively activated macrophages reduce colonic inflammation in mice","volume":"138","author":"Hunter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7368","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7368","article-title":"Neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibody blocks the protective effect of tapeworm infection in a murine model of chemically induced colitis","volume":"174","author":"Hunter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3590","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401155","article-title":"T cell-derived IL-4\/IL-13 protects mice against fatal Schistosoma mansoni infection independently of basophils","volume":"193","author":"Schwartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1451","article-title":"Memory T(H)2 cells induce alternatively activated macrophages to mediate protection against nematode parasites","volume":"12","author":"Anthony","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00192.x","article-title":"Interleukin-4- and interleukin-13-mediated host protection against intestinal nematode parasites","volume":"201","author":"Finkelman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.11.014","article-title":"Early removal of alternatively activated macrophages leads to Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis clearance in vivo","volume":"40","author":"Reyes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80477-X","article-title":"IL-13, IL-4Ralpha, and Stat6 are required for the expulsion of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis","volume":"8","author":"Urban","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-803.x","article-title":"Lung granulomatous response induced by infection with the intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is suppressed in mast cell-deficient Ws\/Ws rats","volume":"106","author":"Arizono","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.04.004","article-title":"Mouse mast cell protease-1 is required for the enteropathy induced by gastrointestinal helminth infection in the mouse","volume":"127","author":"Lawrence","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.10.2572.2572","article-title":"Infection of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis induces development of mucosal-type but not connective tissue-type mast cells in genetically mast cell-deficient Ws\/Ws rats","volume":"81","author":"Arizono","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2307\/3281760","article-title":"The intestinal mast cell response to Trichinella spiralis infection in mast cell-deficient w\/wv mice","volume":"70","author":"Alizadeh","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004605","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004605","article-title":"Neutropenic mice provide insight into the role of skin-infiltrating neutrophils in the host protective immunity against filarial infective larvae","volume":"10","author":"Pionnier","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01575","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4, but not neutrophil extracellular traps, promote IFN Type I expression to enhance Th2 responses to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis","volume":"8","author":"Pellefigues","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00625-13","article-title":"Human and mouse macrophages collaborate with neutrophils to kill larval Strongyloides stercoralis","volume":"81","author":"Bonne-Annee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2984","article-title":"Neutrophils prime a long-lived effector macrophage phenotype that mediates accelerated helminth expulsion","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2703","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002703","article-title":"Schistosoma japonicum egg specific protein SjE16.7 recruits neutrophils and induces inflammatory hepatic granuloma initiation","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1212653","article-title":"Spatial and temporal transcriptomics of Schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic granuloma formation reveals novel roles for neutrophils","volume":"94","author":"Chuah","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2002.00491.x","article-title":"Neutropenia augments experimentally induced Schistosoma japonicum egg granuloma formation in CBA mice, but not in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"24","author":"Hirata","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500610","article-title":"Female-Specific downregulation of tissue polymorphonuclear neutrophils drives impaired regulatory T cell and amplified effector T cell responses in autoimmune dry eye disease","volume":"195","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.073","article-title":"Aggravation of different types of experimental colitis by depletion or adhesion blockade of neutrophils","volume":"133","author":"Kuhl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G537","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00024.2017","article-title":"Helminths in the gastrointestinal tract as modulators of immunity and pathology","volume":"312","author":"Varyani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400738","article-title":"Splenic B cells from Hymenolepis diminuta-infected mice ameliorate colitis independent of T cells and via cooperation with macrophages","volume":"194","author":"Reyes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021111619210084300_B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01349-08","article-title":"Extracts of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, suppress macrophage activation in vitro and alleviate chemically induced colitis in mice","volume":"78","author":"Johnston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."}],"container-title":["Bioscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1042\/BSR20180687\/809469\/bsr-2018-0687.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1042\/BSR20180687\/809469\/bsr-2018-0687.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T20:16:15Z","timestamp":1637093775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article\/38\/6\/BSR20180687\/98193\/Mast-cell-deficiency-in-mice-results-in-biomass"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20180687","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-8463","1573-4935"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0144-8463"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-4935"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"article-number":"BSR20180687"}}