{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:43:11Z","timestamp":1788410591606,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":192,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious disease in newborn piglets and causes substantial economic losses in the world. PED virus (PEDV) spreads by fecal\u2013oral contact and can be prevented by oral immunization. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective oral vaccine against PEDV infection. Currently, Bacillus subtilis as recombinant vaccine carrier has been used for antigen delivery and proved well in immune effect and safety. The present study evaluated the immunogenicity of recombinant Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis-RC) in piglets via oral administration. After oral immunization in piglets, B. subtilis-RC significantly increased the local mucosal immune responses. Oral administration with B. subtilis-RC significantly improved the level of specific mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against PEDV infection, through enlarging the area of Peyer\u2019s patches (PPs) and increasing the number of ileum IgA+ secreting (SIgA) cells. In the meantime, B. subtilis-RC remarkably increased the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). We also observed that oral administration of B. subtilis-RC significantly increased CD3+T lymphocytes\u2019 numbers and up-regulated the ratio of CD4+\/CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, high titers of specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) revealed satisfactory systemic immune response against PEDV infection. In summary, our study demonstrated that oral administration of B. subtilis-RC could trigger a high level of local and systemic immune responses and would be a promising candidate vaccine against PEDV infection in piglets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20182028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T17:05:34Z","timestamp":1551200734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration recombinant<i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>expressing the COE antigen of PEDV in newborn piglets"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jialu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1 Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1 Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1 Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"En","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1 Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. 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