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UVA1 (340\u2013400 nm) phototherapy has been previously shown to be effective in the treatment of localized scleroderma, systemic sclerosis, and POEMS syndrome with minimal side effects, all of which are presented as collagen fibrils hyperplasia that is common with scarring in skin histology. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the impact of UVA1 on the protein expression of TGF-\u03b2 signal pathway and myofibroblasts in a rabbit model of cutaneous scarring. Full-thickness skin wounds (2 cm \u00d7 5 cm in diameter) were made in New Zealand white rabbits to establish the hypertrophic scarring model. New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two treatment groups (n=30 wounds per group with an equal number of controls): medium-dose of UVA1 phototherapy group: 60 J\/cm2; high-dose of UVA1 phototherapy group: 110 J\/cm2. Left ears were used for treatment and the right ones were used for control. Treatment was administered five times weekly for 6 weeks. Treated and untreated control wounds were harvested at various time points and examined by histologic examination, immunohistochemical assessment, and ultrastructural evaluation. The results showed that UVA1 phototherapy caused a significant reduction in dermal thickness by histological features, whereas the scar index was descended significantly in both medium- and high-dose UVA1 groups compared with the control group. Examination of immunohistochemistry also revealed a marked suppression of tissue growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) (both medium- and high-dose), \u03b1 smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA) (only high-dose), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) (only high-dose), and apparent increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1) (both medium- and high-dose) compared with the control. The ultrastructural evaluation showed the collagen fibers\u2019 diameter had shrunk, and that fibroblastic cytoplasm was not affluent and in a quiescent stage. These findings of the present study suggested that administration of UVA1 irradiation is effective to improve the experimental HTS model and raises a possibility of the therapeutic approach of UVA1 in the scar. Although not directly examined in the present study, MMP inhibition is hypothesized to be responsible for this effect. However, early UVA1 treatment could not prevent the formation of scar model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20190007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T10:00:00Z","timestamp":1579600800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of UVA1 on hypertrophic scarring in the rabbit ear model"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201109, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2732-1181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111619591602400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12188","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012188","article-title":"Management of epidermal cysts arising from scar tissues: a retrospective clinical study","volume":"97","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2021111619591602400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-69912015001003","article-title":"Assesment of the treatment of earlobe keloids with triamcinolone injections, surgical resection, and local pressure","volume":"42","author":"Carvalhaes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. 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