{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:40:51Z","timestamp":1783352451039,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background: Obesity is an alarming threat to health in Egypt. More than one in three Egyptians is obese, the highest rate in the world. We aimed to delineate the variability of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction markers among Egyptian females with different obesity classes. Methods: Out of 130 females, 70 were categorized into three obesity groups: Class I, body mass index (BMI) 30\u201334.9 kg\/m2; Class II, BMI 35\u201339.9 kg\/m2 and Class III BMI \u2265 40 kg\/m2, besides 60 control subjects. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) 6 (IL-6), IL-12, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were assessed among participants. Results: In all three classes of obesity, significant increase (P &amp;lt;0.05) in BMI, waist-hip ratio, fat mass and body fat mass % were noted. CRP and sVCAM-1 levels were increased among the three obesity groups. TNF-\u03b1 levels were increased in class II and III obesity groups. IL-6 and IL-12 levels were elevated in class I and class III groups. While, ICAM-1 levels were increased in class III obesity group. Conclusion: Based on individuals\u2019 BMI, serum levels of TNF-\u03b1, CRP, IL-6, IL-12, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 are differentially altered with the progression of obesity. We strongly support the hypothesis that, as the obesity rate is still mounting, a subclinical inflammatory reaction has a role in pathogenesis of obesity and emphasize the elevation of endothelial dysfunction in individuals with obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20192910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T10:58:38Z","timestamp":1599476318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction indices among Egyptian females with obesity classes I\u2013III"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Amal\u00a0Ahmed","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa\u00a0Gh.","family":"Shousha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moushira\u00a0Erfan","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Anthropology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala\u00a0T.","family":"El-Bassyouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadeel","family":"El-Hanafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9228-5143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara\u00a0M.","family":"Abdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111620274768200_B1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Control: WHO Report 2010","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021111620274768200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2018.53","article-title":"Diabesity in the Arabian Gulf: challenges and opportunities","volume":"33","author":"Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oman Med. 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