{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:23:58Z","timestamp":1759047838640,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands have emerged as the attractive adjuvant for subunit vaccines. However, selection of TLR ligands needs to be rationally chosen on the basis of antigen and adjuvant properties. In the present study, we expressed the Ag473 lipoprotein from Neisseria meningitides, flagellin FlaB from Vibrio vulnificus and heat shock protein 70 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mHsp70) in Escherichia coli as single proteins and fusion proteins with VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Both cellular and humoral adjuvanticities of the three TLR ligands were compared by immunization of mice in two different ways. Among the three co-administered TLR ligands, recombinant Ag473 lipoprotein exhibited the highest cellular and humoral adjuvanticities, including promotion of IL-4, IL-12, IFN-\u03b3 and IBDV VP2-specific antibody production. Among the three genetically fused TLR ligands, fusion with Ag473 D1 domain exhibited the highest cellular and humoral adjuvanticities. Overall, the adjuvanticities of genetically fused TRL ligands were significantly higher than that of co-administered TLR ligands. Fusion with Ag473 D1 domain exhibited superior adjuvanticity among the three TLR ligands delivered in two different ways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20193675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T11:20:37Z","timestamp":1584962437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Superior adjuvanticity of the genetically fused D1 domain of <i>Neisseria meningitides<\/i> Ag473 lipoprotein among three Toll-like receptor ligands"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Huipeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaokai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6670-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huaichang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111620063656100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2017.03.005","article-title":"Biotechnology approaches to produce potent, self-adjuvanting antigen-adjuvant fusion protein subunit vaccines","volume":"35","author":"Moyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv."},{"key":"2021111620063656100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-0972-0","article-title":"The mechanisms of action of vaccines containing aluminum adjuvants: an in vitro vs in vivo paradigm","volume":"4","author":"Ghimire","year":"2015","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"2021111620063656100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-019307","article-title":"TLRs and innate immunity","volume":"113","author":"Beutler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021111620063656100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.10.013","article-title":"Immunostimulatory properties of Toll-like receptor ligands in chickens","volume":"152","author":"St Paul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. 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