{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T02:59:33Z","timestamp":1784775573146,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lactoferrin (LAT), a multifunctional protein involved in numerous physiological functions, and the medicinal plant Pelargonium sidoides DC (PEL) have been described for their anti-inflammatory properties. Because the main advantage of natural products consists in administering them in combination rather than as single compound, we aimed to understand whether the combination of PEL and LAT, herein PELIRGOSTIM, could still prove beneficial or additive\/synergistic activities during inflammatory conditions. To pursue this goal, we used macrophagic cells (J774.1) and treated them with PEL and LAT in a concentration-dependent manner. We found that PELIRGOSTIM was able to reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrite, effects that were correlated to the release of lower levels of IL-1\u03b2 after LPS treatment. In addition, the combination of PEL and LAT showed bacteriostatic activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli which had limited growth starting from 5 hours up to 20 hours. This effect was stronger than that observed for penicillin\/streptomycin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our results provide PELIRGOSTIM as an innovative combination of natural products capable to prevent inflammation-, oxidative stress- and microbial-related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20203284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T10:10:58Z","timestamp":1603966258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Pelargonium sidoides DC and lactoferrin combination"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1871-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Terlizzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy"},{"name":"ImmunePharma srl, Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Colarusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Di Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shedir Pharma srl, Piano di Sorrento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Bagnulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neilos srl, Piano di Sorrento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy"},{"name":"ImmunePharma srl, Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalinda","family":"Sorrentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy"},{"name":"ImmunePharma srl, Fisciano, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020111309530943600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.01.009","article-title":"Medicinal properties and conservation of Pelargonium sidoides DC","volume":"152","author":"Moyo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.07.037","article-title":"A historical, scientific and commercial perspective on the medicinal use of Pelargonium sidoides (Geraniaceae)","volume":"119","author":"Brendler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.11.024","article-title":"EPs 7630, an extract from Pelargonium sidoides roots inhibits adherence of Helicobacter pylori to gastric epithelial cells","volume":"14","author":"Beil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2015.1129545","article-title":"Anti-proliferative properties of commercial Pelargonium sidoides tincture, with cell-cycle G0\/G1 arrest and apoptosis in Jurkat leukaemia cells","volume":"54","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B5","article-title":"The combination of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine, Pelargonium sidoides and Justicia adhatoda (NAXX) exerts bacteriostatic activity against S. aureus and E. coli","author":"Terlizzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pii: E1985","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18091985","article-title":"Lactoferrin: A Natural Glycoprotein Involved in Iron and Inflammatory Homeostasis","volume":"18","author":"Rosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pii: E61","DOI":"10.3390\/ph9040061","article-title":"Lactoferrin from Milk: Nutraceutical and Pharmacological Properties","volume":"9","author":"Giansanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pii: E587","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030587","article-title":"Lactoferrin Induces the Synthesis of Vitamin B6 and Protects HUVEC Functions by Activating PDXP and the PI3K\/AKT\/ERK1\/2 Pathway","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203719666180514150921","article-title":"Lactoferrin: Major Physiological Functions and Applications","volume":"20","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Protein Pept. Sci."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22022","article-title":"The activation of liver X receptors inhibits toll-like receptor-9-induced foam cell formation","volume":"223","author":"Sorrentino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-9-30","article-title":"Differential regulation of CCL-11\/eotaxin-1 and CXCL-8\/IL-8 by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in human airway smooth muscle cells","volume":"9","author":"Issa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00257","article-title":"AIM2 Inflammasome Activation Leads to IL-1\u03b1 and TGF-\u03b2 Release From Exacerbated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Derived Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells","volume":"10","author":"Colarusso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00670","article-title":"Activation of the Absent in Melanoma 2 Inflammasome in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients Leads to the Release of Pro-Fibrotic Mediators","volume":"9","author":"Terlizzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2008.05.015","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin","volume":"91","author":"Jenssen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202086","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells play a key role in tumor progression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lung tumor-bearing mice","volume":"190","author":"Rega","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.02.002","article-title":"Inflammasome: cancer's friend or foe?","volume":"143","author":"Terlizzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81813","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17850","article-title":"Role of the inflammasome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"8","author":"Colarusso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01415","article-title":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Derived Circulating Cells Release IL-18 and IL-33 under Ultrafine Particulate Matter Exposure in a Caspase-1\/8-Independent Manner","volume":"8","author":"De Falco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4216","DOI":"10.1039\/C7FO01559C","article-title":"Lactoferrin level in breast milk: a study of 248 samples from eight regions in China","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.164010","article-title":"Cytoprotective and antioxidant effect of human lactoferrin against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"4","author":"Safaeian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"2020111309530943600_B21","first-page":"85","article-title":"In silico investigation of lactoferrin protein characterizations for the prediction of anti-microbial properties","volume":"3","author":"Sohrabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Res. Commun."}],"container-title":["Bioscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1042\/BSR20203284\/897264\/bsr-2020-3284.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1042\/BSR20203284\/897264\/bsr-2020-3284.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T12:36:40Z","timestamp":1723811800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article\/doi\/10.1042\/BSR20203284\/226800\/Antioxidant-and-antimicrobial-properties-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20203284","relation":{"is-referenced-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s10787-026-02171-z","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0144-8463","1573-4935"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-8463","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4935","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"article-number":"BSR20203284"}}