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In this review, we describe the composition of vaginal microbial communities in the reproductive tract and their association with reproductive outcomes. We also consider strategies for manipulating microbiota composition by using live biotherapeutics, selective eradication of pathogenic bacteria with antibiotics and vaginal microbiota transplantation. Finally, future developments in this field and the need for mechanistic studies to explore the functional significance of reproductive tract microbial communities are highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20203908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T11:24:51Z","timestamp":1629113091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The reproductive tract microbiota in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1443-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Grewal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tommy\u2019s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, U.K."},{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0A.","family":"MacIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tommy\u2019s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, U.K."},{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, U.K."},{"name":"March of Dimes European Prematurity Research Centre, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip\u00a0R.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tommy\u2019s National Centre for Miscarriage Research, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, U.K."},{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, U.K."},{"name":"March of Dimes European Prematurity Research Centre, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111620515610200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv041","article-title":"The role of infection in miscarriage","volume":"22","author":"Giakoumelou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. 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