{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:02:27Z","timestamp":1779364947318,"version":"3.53.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: The redox modulation of Cys-thiol participates in various pathophysiological processes. We explored the proper index for estimating the redox status of Cys-thiol of serum apolipoprotein E (apoE), named \u201credox-IDX-apoE,\u201d which is necessary to understand the redox biology of age-related diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: The fractions of the reduced form (red-), reversible oxidized form (roxi-), and irreversibly oxidized form (oxi-) apoE in serum, obtained from the patients with no apparent disease (controls, n=192) and with atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes (patients, n=16), were measured by a band-shift assay using a maleimide compound. Redox-IDX-apoE candidates were determined by calculating the values of these fractions and the total apoE concentration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Cys number of apoE significantly increased for the ratio of roxi-apoE to total-apoE (roxi\/total) (E2\/E3&amp;gt;E3\/E3&amp;gt;E3\/E4) but decreased for the ratios of red-apoE to roxi-apoE (red\/roxi) and [red-apoE + oxi-apoE] to roxi-apoE ([red + oxi]\/roxi) (E2\/E3&amp;lt;E3\/E3&amp;lt;E3\/E4). Considering the subjects with apoE3\/E3, these ratios were independent of age and sex. Roxi\/total showed negative correlations with serum triglyceride (TG) and HbA1c levels, while both red\/roxi and [red + oxi]\/roxi showed significant positive correlations with them. However, red\/roxi and [red + oxi]\/roxi in patients were significantly lower than those in controls, although serum TG and HbA1c levels in the patients were significantly higher than those in controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: The redox status of serum apoE-Cys-thiol is closely involved in the metabolism of TG-rich lipoproteins and glucose. The appropriate use of redox-IDX-apoE could be helpful in the diagnosis and prognosis of age-related diseases and in understanding the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20211060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T08:11:29Z","timestamp":1626855089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Redox index of Cys-thiol residues of serum apolipoprotein E and its diagnostic potential"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3666-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Taira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111620504099600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.001","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease","volume":"39","author":"Valko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. 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