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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of these protein misfolding disorders (PMDs) and involves human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) misfolding and accumulating in parts of the body, primarily in the pancreas, causing damage to islet cells and affecting glucose regulation. In this review, we have summarised our current understanding of what causes hIAPP to misfold, what conformations are found in different parts of the body with a particular focus on what is known about the structure of hIAPP and how this links to T2DM. Understanding the molecular basis behind these misfolding events is essential for understanding the role of hIAPP to develop better therapeutics since type 2 diabetes currently affects over 4.9 million people in the United Kingdom alone and is predicted to increase as our population ages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20211297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T09:26:18Z","timestamp":1651051578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Linking hIAPP misfolding and aggregation with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a structural perspective"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1344-106X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahab","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Systems for Health Research Group, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6103-9078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Systems for Health Research Group, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8611-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Systems for Health Research Group, School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022051811254822100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-S062","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"32","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022051811254822100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-003-0039-5","article-title":"Charcot joint disease in diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. 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