{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:48:46Z","timestamp":1792097326270,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) are implicated in various eosinophil-associated diseases; however, their role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. In the present study, 57 CRS patients were enrolled, and immunofluorescence was used to analyze EETs in eosinophilic (eCRS) and non-eosinophilic (Non-eCRS) tissues. MSD was used to examine IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 concentrations in tissue homogenates. Charcot\u2013Leyden crystals (CLCs) protein expression was detected in PMA, PMA+DNase I, and blank control eosinophils using ELISA. Eotaxin-3 mRNA and protein levels were measured in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) cultured with EETs, EETs+DNase I, DNase I, and unstimulated eosinophils using PCR and ELISA. EETs were significantly increased in eCRS tissues compared with Non-eCRS (P&amp;lt;0.001), and correlated with VAS and Lund\u2013Mackay CT scores. IL-5 expression was related to EETs formation (r = 0.738, P&amp;lt;0.001). PMA-stimulated eosinophils exhibited higher CLCs protein levels (P&amp;lt;0.01). Co-culturing HNECs with EETs significantly increased eotaxin-3 mRNA and protein levels (P&amp;lt;0.0001, P&amp;lt;0.001) compared with other groups. The study suggests EETs formation is elevated in eCRS patients and is involved in CLCs formation and chemokine secretion, promoting eosinophilic inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20230410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T03:11:06Z","timestamp":1709262666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Eosinophil extracellular traps in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis induce Charcot\u2013Leyden crystal formation and eosinophil recruitment"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9422-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024030108105892500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00218-1","article-title":"Adult chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"6","author":"Bachert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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