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Recently, much research has been conducted on how to compensate for neuronal loss in damaged parts of the nervous system and thus restore functional connectivity among neurons. Direct somatic cell differentiation into neurons using pro-neural transcription factors, small molecules, or microRNAs, individually or in association, is the most promising form of neural cell replacement therapy available. This method provides a potential remedy for cell loss in a variety of neurodegenerative illnesses, and the development of reprogramming technology has made this method feasible. This article provides a comprehensive review of reprogramming, including the selection and methods of reprogramming starting cell populations as well as the signaling methods involved in this process. Additionally, we thoroughly examine how reprogramming astrocytes into neurons can be applied to treat stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the challenges of neuronal reprogramming and offer insights about the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20231717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T11:07:23Z","timestamp":1704366443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A promise for neuronal repair: reprogramming astrocytes into neurons\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4932-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China"},{"name":"2State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China"},{"name":"3Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiafeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Neurology, 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China"},{"name":"2State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingchun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China"},{"name":"2State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, 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