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It is well known that food restriction or energy depletion can induce suppression of reproductive processes, while overnutrition is associated with reproductive dysfunction. However, the intricate mechanisms through which nutritional inputs and metabolic health are integrated into the coordination of reproduction are still being defined. In this review, we describe evidence for essential contributions by hormones that are responsive to food intake or fuel stores. Key metabolic hormones\u2014including insulin, the incretins (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1), growth hormone, ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin\u2014signal throughout the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis to support or suppress reproduction. We synthesize current knowledge on how these multifaceted hormones interact with the brain, pituitary, and ovaries to regulate functioning of the female reproductive system, incorporating in vitro and in vivo data from animal models and humans. Metabolic hormones are involved in orchestrating reproductive processes in healthy states, but some also play a significant role in the pathophysiology or treatment strategies of female reproductive disorders. Further understanding of the complex interrelationships between metabolic health and female reproductive function has important implications for improving women\u2019s health overall.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20231916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T04:47:46Z","timestamp":1703220466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Metabolic hormones are integral regulators of female reproductive health and function"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Faria","family":"Athar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muskan","family":"Karmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2839-231X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole\u00a0M.","family":"Templeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024013108521690400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2012.00026","article-title":"Sense and nonsense in metabolic control of reproduction","volume":"3","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"2024013108521690400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2137","article-title":"Sex differences in the response to environmental cues regulating seasonal reproduction in birds","volume":"363","author":"Ball","year":"2007","journal-title":"Philos. 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