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Isoflurane is frequently used because of its lower possibility of affecting fetal growth. Therefore, we examined the isoflurane anesthesia-induced effects on maternal hemodynamic and vascular changes. We hypothesized that isoflurane would enhance endothelium-dependent vasodilation as a consequence of increased nitric oxide and decreased metalloproteinases (MMPs).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Female rats (n=28) were randomized into 4 groups (7 rats\/group): conscious (non-anesthetized) non-pregnant group, non-pregnant anesthetized group, conscious pregnant group, and pregnant anesthetized group. Anesthesia was performed on the 20th pregnancy day, and hemodynamic parameters were monitored. Nitric oxide metabolites, gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and the vascular function were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Isoflurane caused no significant hemodynamic changes in pregnant compared with non-pregnant anesthetized group. Impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxations were observed only in conscious non-pregnant group (by approximately 62%) versus 81% for other groups. Phenylephrine-induced contractions were greater in endothelium-removed aorta segments of both pregnant groups (with or without isoflurane) compared with non-pregnant groups. Higher nitric oxide metabolites were observed in anesthetized pregnant in comparison with the other groups. Reductions in the 75 kDa activity and concomitant increases in 64 kDa MMP-2 isoforms were observed in aortas of pregnant anesthetized (or not) groups compared with conscious non-pregnant group.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Isoflurane anesthesia shows stable effects on hemodynamic parameters and normal MMP-2 activation in pregnancy. Furthermore, there were increases in nitric oxide bioavailability, suggesting that isoflurane provides protective actions to the endothelium in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20240192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T12:36:31Z","timestamp":1715949391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Isoflurane increases the activity of the vascular matrix metalloproteinase-2 in non-pregnant rats and increases the nitric oxide metabolites in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Carolina\u00a0Rosa\u00a0Rodrigues","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"2School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edileia\u00a0Souza\u00a0Paula","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serginara\u00a0David","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus\u00a0Cleto","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"2School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna\u00a0Rahal","family":"Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Unit of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, UNAERP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana\u00a0Landenberger","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Unit of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, UNAERP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elen","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Unit of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, UNAERP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0348-6144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos\u00a0A.","family":"Dias-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024053110113968900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.08.107","article-title":"Food and Drug Administration warning on anesthesia and brain development: implications for obstetric and fetal surgery","volume":"218","author":"Olutoye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. 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