{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:15:53Z","timestamp":1789704953153,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82160843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background: This study investigated the causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM), serum metabolome, and host transcriptome in the development of gout and hyperuricemia (HUA) using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data and HUA mouse model experiments.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of GWAS summary statistics was performed using an inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach to determine or predict the causal role of the GM on gout. The HUA mouse model was used to characterize changes in the gut microbiome, host metabolome, and host kidney transcriptome by integrating cecal 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted serum metabolomics, and host mRNA sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Our analysis demonstrated causal effects of seven GM taxa on gout, including genera of Ruminococcus, Odoribacter, and Bacteroides. Thirty eight immune cell traits were associated with gout. Dysbiosis of Dubosiella, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group genera were associated with changes in the serum metabolites and kidney transcriptome of the HUA model mice. The changes in the gut microbiome of the HUA model mice correlated significantly with alterations in the levels of serum metabolites such as taurodeoxycholic acid, phenylacetylglycine, vanylglycol, methyl hexadecanoic acid, carnosol, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, sphinganine, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, pyridoxamine, and de-o-methylsterigmatocystin, and expression of kidney genes such as CNDP2, SELENOP, TTR, CAR3, SLC12A3, SCD1, PIGR, CD74, MFSD4B5, and NAPSA.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a causal relationship between GM, immune cells, and gout. HUA development involved alterations in the vitamin B6 metabolism because of GM dysbiosis that resulted in altered pyridoxamine and pyridoxal levels, dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism, and excessive inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20240595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T09:38:06Z","timestamp":1730713086000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Causal effects of gut microbiota on gout and hyperuricemia: insights from genome-wide Mendelian randomization, RNA-sequencing, 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolomes"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8237-248X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"2HIV\/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning) and The Fourth People\u2019s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning 530023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenglian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanqing","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Gerontology, Nanning Social Welfare Hospital, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112605555732000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8042","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01821B","article-title":"Identifying mechanisms underlying the amelioration effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. \u2018Boju\u2019 extract on hyperuricemia using biochemical characterization and UPLC-ESI-QTOF\/MS-based metabolomics","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"2024112605555732000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2019.08.001","article-title":"Gout","volume":"45","author":"Perez-Ruiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheum. 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