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The gut bacteriome regulates metabolism and offers therapeutic potential; however, research from North Africa remains scarce despite the growing prevalence of non-communicable diseases in the region. This study examines gut bacterial profiles of Tunisian type 2 diabetic (T2D), obese (OB), and non-diabetic (ND) individuals within the framework of personalized medicine. Ninety-five participants were enrolled [33 ND, 26 T2D, 26 T2D with obesity and cardiovascular complications (T2D_OBCV) and 10 OB]. Bacterial 16S rDNA V3\u2013V4 regions were sequenced on Illumina MiSeq and analyzed using the QIIME 2 pipeline. Obese subjects exhibited gut dysbiosis with lower Akkermansia (P=0.02) and Ligilactobacillus (P=0.04) levels, an enrichment of Bifidobacterium (P=0.004), as well as Sutterella (P=0.03) and Erysipelatoclostridium (P=0.02). However, the gut bacteriome landscape of T2D patients reveals differences in the distribution of Shigella (P=0.01) highly abundant in the intestine, and a depletion of Clostridia vadin BB 60 group (P=0.02) and Oscillospiraceae UCG 005 (P=0.01). Noting that the gut bacteriome of T2D_OBCV patients is characterized by a depletion of Asteroleplasma (P=0.01), Oscillospiraceae UCG 005 (P=0.02), Eubacterium ruminantium group (P=0.0007) and Romboutsia (P=0.002) beside an enrichment of Fusicatenibacter (P=0.02). Gut bacteriome alterations in Tunisian T2D and obese subjects may serve as metabolic biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20260157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:45:05Z","timestamp":1790174705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metataxonomic strategy to decipher gut bacteriome biomarkers of type 2 diabetes and obesity in Tunisian population"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0957-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meriem","family":"Fassatoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"2University of Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire Farhat Hached, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Pedron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Unit\u00e9 de Pathog\u00e9nie Microbienne Mol\u00e9culaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Kheriji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meriem","family":"Hechmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"5National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza","family":"Dallali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"5National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifa","family":"Jmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henda","family":"Jamoussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"6Research unit on obesity UR18ES01, Faculty of medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelmajid","family":"Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe\u00a0J.","family":"Sansonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Unit\u00e9 de Pathog\u00e9nie Microbienne Mol\u00e9culaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"},{"name":"7Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Coll\u00e8ge de France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8801-5781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rym","family":"Kefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University of Tunis El Manar, Campus universitaire Farhat Hached, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"4Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101302470828700_B1","first-page":"2","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"Magliano","year":"2021","edition":"10th ed."},{"key":"2026101302470828700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15023","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315023","article-title":"Snapshot into the type-2-diabetes-associated microbiome of a Romanian cohort","volume":"23","author":"Gradisteanu Pircalabioru","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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