{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T09:03:42Z","timestamp":1784883822340,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/n\/a","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant 82160596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant 82160596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/n\/a","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/n\/a","name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Baoshan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant 2023bskjylzd001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant 2023bskjylzd001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/n\/a","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder with a multifactorial pathogenesis involving genetic predisposition, hormonal regulation, microbial factors, and the cutaneous immune microenvironment. In recent years, psychosocial influences and their association with acne onset and progression have drawn increasing attention. Chronic stress may disturb immune homeostasis via neuroendocrine regulatory pathways and thereby contribute to acne pathophysiology. However, the molecular mechanisms by which chronic stress modulates acne development and exacerbation remain unclear. In the present study, we established a chronic stress-induced murine model of acne to characterize stress-related behavioral alterations, skin histopathological changes, serum corticosterone levels, and inflammatory mediators profiles in both serum and skin tissue. We further performed transcriptomic profiling to identify differentially expressed genes and to elucidate candidate regulatory pathways and molecular targets. Our findings indicate that chronic stress indeed contributes to the pathological progression of acne. However, stress hormones do not appear to directly drive inflammatory worsening. Instead, transcriptomic analysis indicated that chronic stress may play an important role in complex neuroendocrine\u2013metabolic\u2013immune interactions involved in acne exacerbation. These preliminary results provide experimental evidence exploring the role of chronic stress in acne pathogenesis and suggest potential targets for acne prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20260230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:28:53Z","timestamp":1783931333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive analysis of phenotypes and transcriptome characteristics reveal important contribution of chronic stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of acne"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1525-7270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Dermatology, The People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjing","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8431-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072404315571600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00314","article-title":"Cardiovascular reactivity, stress, and physical activity","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.12.005","article-title":"Role of stress in skin diseases: a neuroendocrine-immune interaction view","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020669","article-title":"The brain\u2013skin axis in psoriasis-psychological, psychiatric, hormonal, and dermatological aspects","volume":"23","author":"Marek-Jozefowicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19477","article-title":"Reviewing the global burden of acne: how could we improve care to reduce the burden?","volume":"184","author":"Layton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543616","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1543616","article-title":"Amplicon-based analysis reveals link between adolescent acne and altered facial skin microbiome induced by negative emotional states","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12081178","article-title":"Glucocorticoid hormones as modulators of the kynurenine pathway in chronic pain conditions","volume":"12","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15946","article-title":"Insights into acne and the skin barrier: Optimizing treatment regimens with ceramide-containing skincare","volume":"22","author":"Schachner","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cosmet Dermatol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061420","article-title":"Oral and topical probiotics and postbiotics in skincare and dermatological therapy: a concise review","volume":"11","author":"De Almeida","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii6","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf177","article-title":"Body site-specific associations between human skin microbiome composition and psychological wellbeing","volume":"193","author":"Tyson-Carr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.17320","article-title":"Discovery of natural product derivative triptolidiol as a direct NLRP3 inhibitor by reducing K63-specific ubiquitination","volume":"182","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176746","article-title":"Sappanone A ameliorated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in BALB\/c mice via suppressing Mmp8 expression and IL-17 signaling pathway","volume":"978","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102558","article-title":"Apoptotic or antiproliferative activity of natural products against keratinocytes for the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2704134","article-title":"Quarter-century explorations of bioactive polyphenols: diverse health benefits","volume":"27","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377079","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1377079","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of Erxian decoction and its special chemical markers in depression: a review of clinical and preclinical studies","volume":"15","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8892514","DOI":"10.1155\/mi\/8892514","article-title":"The secretion of inflammatory cytokines triggered by TLR2 through calcium-dependent and calcium-independent pathways in keratinocytes","volume":"2024","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19071906","article-title":"Roles of the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in skin pathophysiology","volume":"19","author":"Sevilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7719","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-1042-7","article-title":"Arsenic and\/or copper caused inflammatory response via activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway and triggered heat shock protein responses in testis tissues of chicken","volume":"25","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.08.021","article-title":"Impacts of simultaneous exposure to arsenic (III) and copper (II) on inflammatory response, immune homeostasis, and heat shock response in chicken thymus","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17605","article-title":"The impact of stress on epidermal barrier function: an evidence-based review","volume":"181","author":"Maarouf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15640","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus causes aberrant epidermal lipid composition and skin barrier dysfunction","volume":"78","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2018.30.1.54","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor attenuated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in human epidermal keratinocyte exposed to propionibacterium acnes","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82463","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.82463","article-title":"Lipid dysregulation in sebaceous gland disorders and the impact of sphingolipid metabolism on acne pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Miner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000902","article-title":"Current insights into skin lipids and their roles in cutaneous health and disease","volume":"26","author":"Nicolaou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S424478","article-title":"Lipid metabolism reprogramming of immune cells in acne: an update","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14323","article-title":"Keratinocyte-derived IL-1beta induces PPARG downregulation and PPARD upregulation in human reconstructed epidermis following barrier impairment","volume":"30","author":"Blunder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14060728","article-title":"New Insights into the role of PPARgamma in skin physiopathology","volume":"14","author":"Briganti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14780","article-title":"Desaturation of sebaceous-type saturated fatty acids through the SCD1 and the FADS2 pathways impacts lipid neosynthesis and inflammatory response in sebocytes in culture","volume":"32","author":"Flori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-025-02490-0","article-title":"Arachidonic acid suppresses lung cancer cell growth and modulates lipid metabolism and the ERK\/PPARgamma signaling pathway","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8634","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168634","article-title":"Epidermal PPARgamma is a key homeostatic regulator of cutaneous inflammation and barrier function in mouse skin","volume":"22","author":"Konger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-07134-2","article-title":"A sphingolipid rheostat controls apoptosis versus apical cell extrusion as alternative tumour-suppressive mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Armistead","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16370","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c01450","article-title":"SMPD3 inhibition contributes to nicotinamide-ameliorated hepatic steatosis in chronic alcohol-fed mice","volume":"73","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-082924-065052","article-title":"Neural regulation of skin immunity","volume":"44","author":"Barbon","year":"2026","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.17633","article-title":"Management of acne vulgaris: a review","volume":"326","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006.e1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.12.017","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris","volume":"90","author":"Reynolds","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113517","article-title":"Spinosin improves anxiety disorders in mice with chronic restraint stress via the ERK1\/2-CREB-BDNF pathway","volume":"143","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17020261","article-title":"Flavonoids as natural anti-inflammatory agents in the atopic dermatitis treatment","volume":"17","author":"Zawawi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153471","article-title":"Total glycosides from stems of Cistanche tubulosa alleviate depression-like behaviors: bidirectional interaction of the phytochemicals and gut microbiota","volume":"83","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2024.106179","article-title":"Unveiling the hidden potential: above-ground parts of Paris yunnanensis Franch. Is promise as an anti-acne therapeutic beyond traditional medicinal sites","volume":"178","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523905","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1523905","article-title":"Multi-target mechanisms and potential applications of quercetin in the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"16","author":"Bo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.03.018","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the mechanism of the mitigative effect of lycopene on sulfamethoxazole-induced inflammatory damage in grass carp kidneys","volume":"123","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"2026072404315571600_B41","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of phenotypes and transcriptome characteristics reveal important contribution of chronic stress and immune response in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris","author":"NCBI GEO","year":"2026"}],"container-title":["Bioscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1042\/BSR20260230\/990190\/bsr-2026-0230.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1042\/BSR20260230\/990190\/bsr-2026-0230.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T08:32:04Z","timestamp":1784881924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article\/46\/8\/BSR20260230\/237827\/Comprehensive-analysis-of-phenotypes-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20260230","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-8463","1573-4935"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0144-8463","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4935","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"article-number":"BSR20260230"}}