{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:17:44Z","timestamp":1790813864626,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mutations in genes encoding either hamartin [TSC1 (tuberous sclerosis complex 1)] or tuberin (TSC2) result in a multisystem disorder characterized by the development of benign tumours and hamartomas in several organs. The TSC1 and TSC2 proteins form a complex that lies at the crossroad of many signalling pathways integrating the energy status of the cell with signals induced by nutrients and growth factors. The TSC1\/2 complex is a critical negative regulator of mTORC1 [mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) complex 1], and by that controls anabolic processes to promote cell growth, proliferation and survival. In the present paper, we review recent evidence highlighting the notion that the TSC1\/2 complex simultaneously controls mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent signals critical for the balancing of cell proliferation and cell death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0390466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,23]],"date-time":"2011-03-23T14:16:00Z","timestamp":1300889760000},"page":"466-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The tuberous sclerosis complex: balancing proliferation and survival"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Romana","family":"Tomasoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Immunology and Bio-Immuno-Gene Therapy of Cancer (PIBIC), Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, I-20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, I-20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Mondino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Immunology and Bio-Immuno-Gene Therapy of Cancer (PIBIC), Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, I-20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111900115314700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05117.x","article-title":"The tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"1184","author":"Orlova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. 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