{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:33:29Z","timestamp":1791124409639,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The kinetochore, which forms on a specific chromosomal locus called the centromere, mediates interactions between the chromosome and the spindle during mitosis and meiosis. Abnormal chromosome rearrangements and\/or neocentromere formation can cause the presence of multiple centromeres on a single chromosome, which results in chromosome breakage or cell cycle arrest. Analyses of artificial dicentric chromosomes suggested that the activity of the centromere is regulated epigenetically; on some stably maintained dicentric chromosomes, one of the centromeres no longer functions as a platform for kinetochore formation, although the DNA sequence remains intact. Such epigenetic centromere inactivation occurs in cells of various eukaryotes harbouring \u2018regional centromeres\u2019, such as those of maize, fission yeast and humans, suggesting that the position of the active centromere is determined by epigenetic markers on a chromosome rather than the nucleotide sequence. Our recent findings in fission yeast revealed that epigenetic centromere inactivation consists of two steps: disassembly of the kinetochore initiates inactivation and subsequent heterochromatinization prevents revival of the inactivated centromere. Kinetochore disassembly followed by heterochromatinization is also observed in normal senescent human cells. Thus epigenetic centromere inactivation may not only stabilize abnormally generated dicentric chromosomes, but also be part of an intrinsic mechanism regulating cell proliferation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20130136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,11]],"date-time":"2015-08-11T16:49:03Z","timestamp":1439311743000},"page":"1648-1653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Switching the centromeres on and off: epigenetic chromatin alterations provide plasticity in centromere activity stabilizing aberrant dicentric chromosomes"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Hyakunen-kohen 1\u20131, Kurume, Fukuoka 839\u20130864, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Saitoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Hyakunen-kohen 1\u20131, Kurume, Fukuoka 839\u20130864, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111818184733400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90077-8","article-title":"A genetic analysis of dicentric minichromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"48","author":"Koshland","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5242.1591","article-title":"The centromere: hub of chromosomal activities","volume":"270","author":"Pluta","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R23","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2006-7-3-r23","article-title":"Phylogenetic and structural analysis of centromeric DNA and kinetochore proteins","volume":"7","author":"Meraldi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00412-012-0386-5","article-title":"CENP-A: the key player behind centromere identity, propagation, and kinetochore assembly","volume":"121","author":"De Rop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2007.11.009","article-title":"Neocentromeres: new insights into centromere structure, disease development, and karyotype evolution","volume":"82","author":"Marshall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158699","article-title":"Heterochromatin integrity affects chromosome reorganization after centromere dysfunction","volume":"321","author":"Ishii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.2.175","article-title":"Human centromeres and neocentromeres show identical distribution patterns of &gt;20 functionally important kinetochore-associated proteins","volume":"9","author":"Saffery","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.13.5.381","article-title":"Structure and inheritance of some heterozygous Robertsonian translocation in man","volume":"13","author":"Daniel","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1974.tb01344.x","article-title":"Dicentric human X chromosomes","volume":"76","author":"de la Chapelle","year":"1974","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B10","first-page":"1368","article-title":"Acquisition and processing of a conditional dicentric chromosome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"9","author":"Hill","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.02.062","article-title":"Epigenetic inactivation and subsequent heterochromatinization of a centromere stabilize dicentric chromosomes","volume":"22","author":"Sato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/148.2.775","article-title":"The transmission of fragmented chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"148","author":"Ahmad","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001061","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001061","article-title":"Telomere disruption results in non-random formation of de novo dicentric chromosomes involving acrocentric human chromosomes","volume":"6","author":"Stimpson","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.25.8.405","article-title":"The behavior in successive nuclear divisions of a chromosome broken at meiosis","volume":"25","author":"McClintock","year":"1939","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/26.2.234","article-title":"The stability of broken ends of chromosomes in Zea mays","volume":"26","author":"McClintock","year":"1941","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.107.4.891","article-title":"A chromosome breakage assay to monitor mitotic forces in budding yeast","volume":"107","author":"Brock","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03370.x","article-title":"Stabilization of dicentric chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by telomere addition to broken ends or by centromere deletion","volume":"8","author":"Jager","year":"1989","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.571510","article-title":"Dicentric breakage at telomere fusions","volume":"24","author":"Pobiega","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6389","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006389","article-title":"Stabilization of dicentric translocations through secondary rearrangements mediated by multiple mechanisms in S. cerevisiae","volume":"4","author":"Pennaneach","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509650103","article-title":"High frequency of centromere inactivation resulting in stable dicentric chromosomes of maize","volume":"103","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.109.066662","article-title":"Reactivation of an inactive centromere reveals epigenetic and structural components for centromere specification in maize","volume":"21","author":"Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.116202.110","article-title":"Distinct DNA methylation patterns associated with active and inactive centromeres of the maize B chromosome","volume":"21","author":"Koo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00412-010-0278-5","article-title":"Centromere inactivation and epigenetic modifications of a plant chromosome with three functional centromeres","volume":"119","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00194222","article-title":"Deletion of specific sequences or modification of centromeric chromatin are responsible for Y chromosome centromere inactivation","volume":"85","author":"Maraschio","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.12.2189","article-title":"Identification of centromeric antigens in dicentric Robertsonian translocations: CENP-C and CENP-E are necessary components of functional centromeres","volume":"4","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00382-4","article-title":"Immunolocalization of CENP-A suggests a distinct nucleosome structure at the inner kinetochore plate of active centromeres","volume":"7","author":"Warburton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s10577-005-1009-2","article-title":"Engineered human dicentric chromosomes show centromere plasticity","volume":"13","author":"Higgins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chromosome Res."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.7.783","article-title":"Distinct protein interaction domains and protein spreading in a complex centromere","volume":"14","author":"Partridge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.104.030643","article-title":"Molecular and functional dissection of the maize B chromosome centromere","volume":"17","author":"Jin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.82","article-title":"Breaking the HAC barrier: histone H3K9 acetyl\/methyl balance regulates CENP-A assembly","volume":"31","author":"Ohzeki","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.11.002","article-title":"Priming of centromere for CENP-A recruitment by human hMis18\u03b1, hMis18\u03b2, and M18BP1","volume":"12","author":"Fujita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01318-09","article-title":"CENP-A reduction induces a p53-dependent cellular senescence response to protect cells from executing defective mitoses","volume":"30","author":"Maehara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/332656a0","article-title":"Telomeric repeat from T. thermophila cross hybridizes with human telomeres","volume":"332","author":"Allshire","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021111818184733400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2199","article-title":"Mammalian karyotype evolution","volume":"8","author":"Ferguson-Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."}],"container-title":["Biochemical Society Transactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemsoctrans\/article-pdf\/41\/6\/1648\/434231\/bst0411648.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemsoctrans\/article-pdf\/41\/6\/1648\/434231\/bst0411648.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T19:28:36Z","timestamp":1637263716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/biochemsoctrans\/article\/41\/6\/1648\/68155\/Switching-the-centromeres-on-and-off-epigenetic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bst20130136","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-5127","1470-8752"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-5127","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8752","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,20]]}}}