{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T08:07:33Z","timestamp":1778054853166,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Legionella pneumophila, typically a parasite of free-living protozoa, can also replicate in human alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial cells causing Legionnaires\u2019 disease in humans, a severe atypical pneumonia. The pathogen encodes six peptidylprolyl cis\u2013trans isomerases (PPIases), which generally accelerate folding of prolyl peptide bonds, and influence protein folding. PPIases can be divided into three classes, cyclophilins, parvulins and FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs). They contribute to a multitude of cellular functions including bacterial virulence. In the present review, we provide an overview of L. pneumophila PPIases, discussing their known and anticipated functions as well as moonlighting phenomena. By taking the example of the macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) of L. pneumophila, we highlight the potential of PPIases as promising drug targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20140202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T11:14:41Z","timestamp":1416827681000},"page":"1728-1733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Peptidylprolyl <i>cis<\/i>\u2013<i>trans<\/i> isomerases of <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>: virulence, moonlighting and novel therapeutic targets"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Janine","family":"Rasch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikrobiologie, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Can\u00a0M.","family":"\u00dcnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikrobiologie, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Fen Fak\u00fcltesi, T\u00fcrk-Alman-\u00dcniversitesi, 34820, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Steinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikrobiologie, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111719294010100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.506-526.2002","article-title":"Legionella and Legionnaires\u2019 disease: 25\u00a0years of investigation","volume":"15","author":"Fields","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. 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