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This mechanism of lung defence is reliant upon a flowing mucus gel, and the major macromolecular components that determine the rheological properties of mucus are the polymeric mucins, MUC5AC and MUC5B. These large O-linked glycoproteins have direct roles in maintaining lung homeostasis. MUC5B is essential for interaction with the ciliary clearance system and MUC5AC is up-regulated in response to allergic inflammatory challenge. Mucus with abnormal biophysical properties is a feature of muco-obstructive respiratory disease and can result from many different mechanisms including alterations in mucin polymer assembly, mucin concentration and the macromolecular form in mucus, as well as changes in airway surface hydration, pH and ion composition. The abnormal mucus results in defective lung protection via compromised ciliary clearance, leading to infection and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20170402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]],"date-time":"2018-08-28T12:40:06Z","timestamp":1535460006000},"page":"1099-1106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["Mucins: the frontline defence of the lung"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Ridley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7148-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111818125621500_BST-2017-0402CC1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390802112000","article-title":"Outdoor and indoor respirable air particulate concentrations in differing urban traffic microenvironments","volume":"71","author":"O'Connell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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