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The key questions addressed are: How do venomous animals evolve from non-venomous animals, and how does this path effect the composition and pharmacology of the venom? What genetic processes (gene duplication, co-option, neofunctionalisation) are most important in toxin evolution? What kinds of selection pressures are acting on toxin-encoding genes and their cognate targets in envenomated animals? The emerging evidence highlights that venom composition and pharmacology adapts quickly in response to changing selection pressures resulting from new ecological interactions, and that such evolution occurs through a stunning variety of genetic mechanisms. Insects offer many opportunities to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of venom toxins due to their evolutionary history rich in venom-related adaptations, and their quick generation time and suitability for culture in the laboratory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20190820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T10:57:40Z","timestamp":1596625060000},"page":"1353-1365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The evolutionary dynamics of venom toxins made by insects and other animals"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1296-6593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111916031691600_BST-2019-0820CC1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msh091","article-title":"Assembling an arsenal: origin and evolution of snake venom proteome inferred from phylogenetic analysis of toxin sequences","volume":"21","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. 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