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In addition, other factors such as sand fly salivary proteins and microbiota also promote disease susceptibility and parasite spread by modulating local immune response. Thus, a complex interplay between parasite, sand fly and the host immunity governs disease severity and outcome. In this review, we discuss the host immune response during Leishmania infection and highlight the factors associated with resistance or susceptibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20200606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T14:46:38Z","timestamp":1610721998000},"page":"297-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Understanding the immune responses involved in mediating protection or immunopathology during leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Thalia","family":"Pacheco-Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Volpedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaitenya","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5989-1520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhay R.","family":"Satoskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111916080112900_BST-2020-0606CC1","unstructured":"CDC (2020) Parasites\u2014Leishmaniasis 2020 [Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/leishmaniasis\/index.html]"},{"key":"2021111916080112900_BST-2020-0606CC2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.07.016","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"69","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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