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However, some tumor cells upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can release factors that induce ER stress to other cells, in the so-called transmissible ER stress (TERS). The cells that received TERS produce more interleukin 6 (IL-6) and chemokines and acquire resistance to subsequent ER stress, nutrient deprivation, and genotoxic stress. Since ER stress enhances the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), we suggest they can mediate TERS. It was found that ER stressed cachexia-inducing tumor cells transmit factors that trigger ER stress in other cells. Therefore, considering the role of EVs in cancer cachexia, the release of exosomes can possibly play a role in the process of blunting the immunogenicity of the cachexia-associated tumors. We propose that TERS can cause an inflammatory and immunosuppressive phenotype in cachexia-inducing tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20210496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T12:23:15Z","timestamp":1627906995000},"page":"1841-1853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Are cachexia-associated tumors transmitTERS of ER stress?"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6919-6369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sayuri","family":"Yamagata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula Paccielli","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111916125266700_BST-2021-0496C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus","volume":"12","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"2021111916125266700_BST-2021-0496C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17105","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.105","article-title":"Cancer-associated cachexia","volume":"4","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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