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Recent structural data is providing important insights into their functions, which are complex, involving both intrinsic signaling through cytoplasmic binding partners and co-operative mechanisms where syndecans form a signaling nexus with other receptors such as integrins and tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors. While the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-4 has a well-defined dimeric structure, the syndecan ectodomains are intrinsically disordered, which is linked to a capacity to interact with multiple partners. However, it remains to fully establish the impact of glycanation and partner proteins on syndecan core protein conformations. Genetic models indicate that a conserved property of syndecans links the cytoskeleton to calcium channels of the transient receptor potential class, compatible with roles as mechanosensors. In turn, syndecans influence actin cytoskeleton organization to impact motility, adhesion and the extracellular matrix environment. Syndecan clustering with other cell surface receptors into signaling microdomains has relevance to tissue differentiation in development, for example in stem cells, but also in disease where syndecan expression can be markedly up-regulated. Since syndecans have potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as possible targets in some forms of cancer, it remains important to unravel structure\/function relationships in the four mammalian syndecans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20221085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T06:04:29Z","timestamp":1687154669000},"page":"1083-1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Conformations, interactions and functions of intrinsically disordered syndecans"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9263-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"Ricard-Blum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1ICBMS, UMR 5246 CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Couchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Biotech Research & Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062811283143000_BST-2022-1085CC1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100109-104126","article-title":"Transmembrane signaling proteoglycans","volume":"26","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. 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