{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:55:26Z","timestamp":1791273326541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":279,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["R01AI110221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI110221"]}]},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["P01CA022443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA022443"]}]},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["T32CA009135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32CA009135"]}]},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["R56AI195411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AI195411"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many viruses manipulate the host cell cycle to enhance viral replication and promote their evasion of host immune defenses. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is no exception and triggers cell cycle arrest during its infection of replicating CD4+ T cells, acting predominantly through the activities of the viral proteins Vpr and Vif. Here, we summarize HIV-1\u2019s effects on cell cycle regulation, focusing on the distinct mechanisms that underpin Vpr and Vif\u2019s modulation of cell cycle checkpoints. We also discuss how these activities, when combined, may help the virus to enhance replication and promote reactivation from long-term latency\u2014the major barrier to a cure for HIV\/AIDS. A deeper understanding of how HIV-1 remodels the host cell cycle should reveal important new cell biology and may inform the development of therapeutic strategies relevant to curative interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20250120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:45:01Z","timestamp":1791272701000},"page":"1431-1449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Manipulation of the cell cycle by HIV-1"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0214-1427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madison","family":"Bandini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research (Department of Oncology), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A."},{"name":"2Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A."},{"name":"3Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9974-236X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan\u00a0M.","family":"Sherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research (Department of Oncology), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A."},{"name":"2Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A."},{"name":"3Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100603445615500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589803500601","article-title":"The cell cycle: a review","volume":"35","author":"Schafer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. 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