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Since within the physiological range of osteoclast sizes, their bone-resorbing activity grows with successive fusion events, both initiation of this fusion reaction and its switch off are tightly controlled. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and proteins that facilitate and regulate this fusion process. The pathway of membrane rearrangements in osteoclast fusion shares many mechanistic motifs with other physiologically important cell\u2013cell fusion processes, such as the formation of multinucleated skeletal muscle cells. However, the protein machinery involved in catalyzing these rearrangements in osteoclasts is still poorly understood. A better understanding of the mechanism of osteoclast fusion will hopefully lead to more effective approaches for treating skeletal diseases caused by excessive or insufficient bone resorption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20253131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T14:57:48Z","timestamp":1766156268000},"page":"1493-1505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cell fusion in osteoclastogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7131-9244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonid V.","family":"Chernomordik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6523-4346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamran","family":"Melikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122409313189300_BST-2025-3131C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25103","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R109.041087","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling","volume":"285","author":"Raggatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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