{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:03:08Z","timestamp":1789722188109,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","award":["PZ00-3_233297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PZ00-3_233297"]}]},{"name":"Novartis AG | Novartis Consumer Health","award":["24C168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24C168"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cell death pathways are ancient strategies that maintain homeostasis and protect organisms from infection and injury. Lytic cell death culminates in the rupture of the plasma membrane, which was recently revealed to be driven by Ninjurin-1 (NINJ1), a plasma membrane protein that oligomerizes during cell death. NINJ1 oligomerization creates lesions in the plasma membrane that facilitate the release of cytosolic contents. In the present review, we discuss what is currently known about NINJ1 biology, focusing on the most current research into potential mechanisms of activation. We then highlight how NINJ1 has been implicated in specific disease contexts and discuss potential ways NINJ1 may contribute to disease. We conclude with the remaining open questions relating to NINJ1 biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20260711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:37:05Z","timestamp":1789720625000},"page":"1309-1318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NINJ1: implications for plasma membrane rupture and disease"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Elliott M.","family":"Bernard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9277-2152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ella","family":"Hartenian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091804370310800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.044","article-title":"Cell death","volume":"187","author":"Newton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026091804370310800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e103397","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2019103397","article-title":"Beyond inflammasomes: emerging function of gasdermins during apoptosis and NETosis","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2026091804370310800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03218-7","article-title":"NINJ1 mediates plasma membrane rupture during lytic cell death","volume":"591","author":"Kayagaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026091804370310800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06284-z","article-title":"NINJ1 is activated by cell swelling to regulate plasma membrane permeabilization during regulated necrosis","volume":"14","author":"Dondelinger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2026091804370310800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-024-00055-y","article-title":"NINJ1 induces plasma membrane rupture and release of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules during ferroptosis","volume":"43","author":"Ramos","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2026091804370310800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06191-5","article-title":"Inhibiting membrane rupture with NINJ1 antibodies limits tissue injury","volume":"618","author":"Kayagaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026091804370310800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80166-X","article-title":"Ninjurin, a novel adhesion molecule, is induced by nerve injury and promotes axonal growth","volume":"17","author":"Araki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026091804370310800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21373","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.34.21373","article-title":"Mechanism of homophilic binding mediated by Ninjurin, a novel widely expressed adhesion molecule*","volume":"272","author":"Araki","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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