{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:07:04Z","timestamp":1789031224327,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","award":["310030B_198005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030B_198005"]}]},{"name":"SNF | Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis","award":["310030_219286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_219286"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Inflammatory caspases play essential roles in regulating IL-1 cytokine processing and secretion, as well as in inducing pyroptosis as part of the innate immune response to pathogens and other noxious stimuli. While the activation of caspase-1 is controlled by dedicated pattern recognition receptors, human caspase-4 and caspase-5, and murine caspase-11 function themselves as direct sensors for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the immunostimulatory component of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane. These caspases bind LPS through their N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD), which triggers their oligomerization and activation. Recent studies have provided new insights into the molecular basis of LPS recognition by the caspase-4\/11 CARD, including its interactions with LPS and other lipid ligands, the evolutionary origins of inflammatory caspases, the structural organization of LPS-caspase complexes, and the regulatory mechanisms that govern CARD-ligand association. In this review, we summarize these advances and discuss their implications for inflammatory caspase activation and innate immune signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20260715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:13:51Z","timestamp":1789028031000},"page":"1223-1237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When folding CARDs wins the game: molecular snapshots of lipopolysaccharide sensing by the non-canonical inflammasome"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-3767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Began","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2334-7790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Broz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091004134890000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.05.001","article-title":"LPS detection across the kingdoms of life","volume":"38","author":"Kagan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2026091004134890000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220146","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.220146","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide detection by the innate immune system may be an uncommon defence strategy used in nature","volume":"12","author":"Gauthier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"2026091004134890000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1004","article-title":"Innate immune sensing and its roots: the story of endotoxin","volume":"3","author":"Beutler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. 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