{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T20:33:01Z","timestamp":1761597181925},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":977,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BRAK\/CXCL14 (breast\u2010 and kidney\u2010expressed chemokine\/CXC chemokine ligand 14) is a chemokine that is expressed in many normal cells and tissues but is absent from or expressed at very low levels in transformed cells and cancerous tissues, including HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma). We reported previously that the forced expression of BRAK\/CXCL14 in HNSCC (HSC\u20103 BRAK) cells decreased the rate of tumour formation and size of tumour xenografts compared with mock\u2010vector\u2010introduced (HSC\u20103 Mock) cells in athymic nude mice, even though the growth rates of these cells were the same under <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> culture conditions, suggesting that high\u2010level expression of the gene is important for the suppression of tumour establishment <jats:italic>in vivo.<\/jats:italic> For the first step to study the mechanisms of BRAK\u2010dependent tumour suppression, we compared characteristics between HSC\u20103 BRAK and HSC\u20103 Mock cells under <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> culture conditions. The cell migration rate was lower in HSC\u20103 BRAK cells than in HSC\u20103 Mock cells. Also, HSC\u20103 BRAK cells showed more rapid adhesion than HSC\u20103 Mock cells when cultured on type I collagen\u2010coated dishes but not on fibronectin or laminin 1\u2010coated ones. This adhesion was mediated by \u03b12\u03b21 integrin. Immunofluorescent analysis of the cells cultured on type I collagen showed that HSC\u20103 BRAK cells formed much more elongated focal adhesions co\u2010localized with paxillin and actin stress fibres than did HSC\u20103 Mock cells. Treatment of parental HSC\u20103 cells with recombinant BRAK stimulated the activation of Rap1, which is a ras family small GTPase, and formation of elongated focal adhesions, indicating that the difference in cell character observed between HSC\u20103 Mock and HSC\u20103 BRAK was not due to selection of clones of different character but due to expression of BRAK in the cells. The characteristic morphology of focal adhesions in HSC\u20103 BRAK cells was perturbed by the introduction of an expression vector of the Rap\u2010binding domain of the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator, a target of Rap1, into HSC\u20103 BRAK cells, suggesting that Rap1 regulated the formation of the morphology of the focal adhesions. These data indicate that the expression of BRAK stimulated the formation of elongated focal adhesions of the HSC\u20103 cells in an autocrine or paracrine fashion, in which stimulation may be responsible for the reduced migration of the cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cbi20090108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]],"date-time":"2010-01-13T12:40:37Z","timestamp":1263386437000},"page":"513-522","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Expression of tumour\u2010suppressing chemokine BRAK\/CXCL14 reduces cell migration rate of HSC\u20103 tongue carcinoma cells and stimulates attachment to collagen and formation of elongated focal adhesions <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Kaori","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeyuki","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhito","family":"Izukuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryu\u2010Ichiro","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200404068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35094059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2005.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M108893200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65067-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404769"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M102284200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.15.6690-6700.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","article-title":"Chemokine 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