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The Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> channel is modulated by phosphorylation of two enzymes: PKA (protein kinase A) and PKC (protein kinase C). We studied the ability of lidocaine to modulate programmed cell death of human gingival fibroblasts and the mechanisms involved in this process. Lidocaine (10<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup> M) stimulated apoptosis in primary cultures and the caspase\u20103 activity in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of lidocaine on apoptosis was attenuated in the presence of HA 1004 (PKA inhibitor) and stimulated by staurosporine and Go 6976 (PKC inhibitors). Lidocaine\u2010induced apoptotic nuclei correlated positively with cAMP accumulation and negatively with PKC activity. These results show that lidocaine promotes apoptosis in human gingival fibroblasts at concentrations used for local anaesthesia. The mechanism involves PKA stimulation and PKC inhibition, which in turn stimulates caspase\u20103 and leads to programmed cell death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cbi20100200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,3]],"date-time":"2010-11-03T14:21:23Z","timestamp":1288794083000},"page":"783-788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Lidocaine\u2010induced apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts: participation of cAMP and PKC activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel 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