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A previous study showed that CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells suppressed the differentiation and function of Th1 cells <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. However, the mechanism of suppressing Th1 cell differentiation mediated by CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells remains unclear. In the present study, we found that CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells could reduce the production of IFN (interferon)\u2010\u03b3 and the percentage of IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010, IL\u20102 and TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010producing cells by CD25<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>T cells under Th1 cell culture conditions and suppress the differentiation of CD25<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>T cells into Th1 cells in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Moreover, these CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells could inhibit the activation of CD25<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>T cells by down\u2010regulating the expression of activation markers CD69 and CD25 and suppress the division and proliferation of CD25<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>T cells using CFSE (carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester)\u2010labelling and BrdU (5\u2010bromo\u201020\u2010deoxyuridine) incorporation, respectively. Further studies showed that the suppressive effects of CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells on Th1 cell differentiation required cell\u2014cell contact and was partially restored by the addition of anti\u2010TGF\u2010\u03b2 mAb (monoclonal antibody) but not anti\u2010IL\u201010 mAb, indicating that the suppression mechanism of CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells was cell\u2014cell contact dependent and partially via TGF\u2010\u03b2. This finding strongly indicates a therapeutic role for CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Treg cells in Th1\u2010mediated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cbi20100528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,22]],"date-time":"2011-02-22T11:03:09Z","timestamp":1298372589000},"page":"705-712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The suppressive effect of CD25<sup>+<\/sup>Treg cells on Th1 differentiation requires cell\u2014cell contact partially via TGF\u2010\u03b2 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